Why don't metals bond when touched together?

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SUMMARY

Metals do bond when touched together, primarily through a process known as cold welding, where delocalized electrons facilitate the bonding between two pieces of the same metal. However, the presence of air or impurities, such as a thin oxide coating, inhibits this bonding by preventing direct contact between the metal surfaces. When these contaminants are removed, the metals can bond effectively. This phenomenon is crucial in understanding metal interactions in various applications.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of crystal lattice structures in metals
  • Knowledge of delocalized electrons and their role in conductivity
  • Familiarity with cold welding principles
  • Awareness of surface contaminants and their effects on metal bonding
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the principles of cold welding in metals
  • Explore methods for removing oxide coatings from metal surfaces
  • Learn about the effects of impurities on metal bonding
  • Investigate applications of cold welding in manufacturing and engineering
USEFUL FOR

Materials scientists, mechanical engineers, and anyone involved in metal fabrication or welding processes will benefit from this discussion.

Ganesh Ujwal
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It is my understanding that metals are a crystal lattice of ions, held together by delocalized electrons, which move freely through the lattice (and conduct electricity, heat, etc.).

If two pieces of the same metal are touched together, why don't they bond?

It seems to me the delocalized electrons would move from one metal to the other, and extend the bond, holding the two pieces together. If the electrons don't move freely from one piece to the other, why would this not happen when a current is applied (through the two pieces)?
 
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To add to Orodruin's reply, a metal has a thin oxide coating from its reaction to the air. So normally, the metals themselves don't touch. Remove it, and metals will stick together.
 

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