Why is aligning the vacuum level necessary in band diagram creation?

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    Band Diagrams
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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the necessity of aligning the vacuum level when creating band diagrams for semiconductor materials. It touches on the implications of this alignment for energy comparisons and the behavior of energy bands upon contact between two semiconductors.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation, Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions the rationale behind aligning the vacuum level before joining two semiconductor pieces, referencing a lack of clarity in their textbook regarding energy levels of free electrons.
  • Another participant explains that the vacuum level serves as a reference for all calculated energies, emphasizing that alignment is crucial for comparing changes in energy bands and work functions upon contact.
  • This participant also notes that after contact, thermal equilibrium leads to the alignment of the Fermi level across the interface, indicating no net charge transfer when the Fermi levels are equal.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants appear to agree on the importance of aligning the vacuum level for accurate energy comparisons, though the initial question reflects some uncertainty about the underlying concepts.

Contextual Notes

The discussion does not resolve the initial participant's confusion regarding the energy of free electrons and how it relates to the vacuum level alignment.

Swapnil
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Why is it that we align the vacuume level (when drawing the band diagram) first before we put two pieces of semiconductor together?

(My book talks about how the energy of the two free electrons should be the same when each of them jumps out of its respective material...but it is not entrirely clear)
 
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anyone? please...
 
The vacuum level is the reference level. All calculated energies are expressed with respect to this level. It needs to be aligned because otherwise one cannot compare what happens to the bands (change in energies, work functions, band bending etc etc) when contact is made.

Also, after making contact, thermal equilibrium is reached and the Fermi level (Ef) is aligned and thus the same throughout the entire interface. The Fermi level has the same value (ie no net charge transfer in the interface). For example if the Ef is -6 eV it means that the Ef is 6 eV below the vacuum level which is the 0 reference level. you see ?

marlon
 
I see. Thank you.
 

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