Why Refractive Index Varies with Wavelength of Light

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SUMMARY

The refractive index of light varies with wavelength due to the interaction of light with the atomic structure of a medium. This phenomenon, known as dispersion, occurs because different wavelengths of light possess varying energy levels, causing them to travel at different speeds in a medium. The relationship between wavelength and refractive index is explained in detail in Eugene Hecht's book "Optics." Understanding this concept is crucial for comprehending how prisms separate white light into its constituent colors.

PREREQUISITES
  • Basic understanding of light and its properties
  • Familiarity with the concept of refractive index
  • Knowledge of atomic structure and energy levels
  • Introduction to optics principles
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the concept of dispersion in optics
  • Read Eugene Hecht's "Optics" for in-depth understanding
  • Explore the mathematical relationship between wavelength and refractive index
  • Investigate practical applications of refractive index in optical devices
USEFUL FOR

Students studying physics, optical engineers, and anyone interested in the principles of light behavior in different media.

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Homework Statement



We learn from school that when we shine white light through a prism, dispersion occurs. This is because the light of varying wavelengths are refracted to a different extent due to how refractive index varies with the wavelength of light. So why does refractive index vary with wavelength?

Homework Equations



E = hf?

The Attempt at a Solution



Light of varying wavelengths have different amounts of energy. As such it is logical that they would travel at different speeds in a particular medium and be refracted to a different extent. However, it is not a very technical explanation and isn't entirely coherent. I read something about it in a textbook. However, I didn't quite understand ti. Is there any simple explanation for this phenomena?
 
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There's a brief chapter in Eugene Hecht book "Optics" which explain it. I hope it might help.

Best regards
 
because atoms respond differently to different frequencies.
 

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