Work function (photoelectric effect)

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on calculating the work function of a metal surface using the photoelectric effect, specifically with wavelengths of \(\lambda_1 = 0.35 \, \mu m\) and \(\lambda_2 = 0.54 \, \mu m\). The participant calculated the work function as \(\phi = 3.01503667 \times 10^{-19} J\) (approximately 1.88 eV), while a peer suggested a different approach yielding \(\phi = 4.78 eV\), which is closer to known values for metals like copper. The discrepancy arises from the treatment of kinetic energy and the mass of the electron, indicating the importance of precise calculations in determining the work function.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of the photoelectric effect and its equations
  • Familiarity with photon energy calculations using \(E = h \nu\)
  • Knowledge of kinetic energy formulas for electrons
  • Basic grasp of electron mass and its role in physics calculations
NEXT STEPS
  • Review the derivation of the photoelectric effect equations
  • Study the relationship between photon wavelength and energy
  • Explore the work functions of various metals for comparison
  • Learn about experimental methods for measuring work functions
USEFUL FOR

Students studying quantum mechanics, physics educators, and researchers interested in the properties of materials in relation to the photoelectric effect.

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Homework Statement


During successive illumination of a surface of a particular metal with radiation of wavelengths \lambda _1 =0.35 \mu m and \lambda _2=0.54 \mu m, we find that the respective maximum velocities of the photoelectrons have a difference between each other of a factor 2. Calculate the work function of the surface of the metal.

Homework Equations


E_1=\phi + E_k_1 where E_1 is the energy of a photon whose wavelength is \lambda _1, \phi is the work function and E_k_1 is the maximum kinetic energy of a photoelectron detached by a photon with wavelength \lambda _1.
E_2=\phi + E_k_2

The Attempt at a Solution


Using the equations, E_k_2 -E_k_1 = E_2-E_1 \Rightarrow \frac{m_e v_2 ^2}{2}-\frac{m_e v_1 ^2}{2}. But I'm told that v_1=2 v_2 \Rightarrow -\frac{3 m_e v_2 ^2}{2}=E_2-E_1 \Rightarrow v_2 ^2 =\frac{2}{3 m_e} (E_1 - E_2) and furthermore \phi =E_2 -E_k_2.
Using E=h \nu, E_1 =5.67948768 \times 10 ^{-19}J, E_2=3.68114942 \times 10 ^{-19}J.
m_e=9.10938215 \times 10 ^{-31}kg.
I find that \phi =3.01503667 \times 10 ^{-19}J which is less than 2eV.
However a friend told me he solved the exercise without having to plug the mass of the electron (I think it cancels out in his arithmetics) and he found out \phi =4.78 eV and according to him it corresponds to a copper surface (according to him but I see that silver and carbon have a closer work function to his value than copper has), which makes his result much more credible than mine.
Where did I go wrong? I'm really clueless.
 
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