The bonding force between slip gauges is influenced by factors such as surface finish, material properties, and the wringing effect, but no direct relationship exists among these variables. The complexity of the bonding forces, including molecular attractions and surface tension from contaminants like oil and water vapor, complicates theoretical calculations. Accurate assessment of these forces requires advanced calculations that consider chemical bonding and atomic structure. The discussion emphasizes that theoretical calculations for bonding forces in slip gauges are not feasible. Understanding these interactions is critical for applications in civil and mechanical engineering.
