What is the meaning of normality and its relation to molar concentration?

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Normality in chemistry refers to the concentration of a solution in terms of equivalent units, which can vary depending on the reaction context. For example, 1M solutions of HCl or NaOH are equivalent to 1N, while 1M H2SO4 or Na2CO3 are considered 2N due to their ability to donate or accept multiple equivalents of protons or electrons. Historically, the definition of normality has evolved, initially varying by reaction type, but later standardized by IUPAC to relate directly to protons (H+) or electrons (e-). Ultimately, IUPAC recognized the confusion surrounding normality and has moved towards deprecating its use in favor of more straightforward concentration measures, suggesting that its removal from educational curricula may not be detrimental.
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what does normality means, and how does it relate to molar concentration ?
 
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Something that was much insisted on when I was at school, because i guess some kids found it hard to get their heads round. Like 1M HCl or NaOH are 1N but 1M H2SO4 or Na2CO3 are 2N. You get the idea? - it's the same as the distinction between molar masses and equivalent masses (or weights as we used to call them).

I think they have been phased out of teaching now, have they? If so it's no loss, they are unnecessary.
 
Normality meant different things at different moments in time. There was a period when normality depended on the reaction - so 1M sulfuric acid was 2N in the reaction with NaOH, but 1N inteh reaction with CaCl. Then IUPAC decided to make it always reaction with H+ or e- - so 1M sulfuric acid would be always 2N. Then, IUPAC decided they created so much confusion it is better to deprecate normality at all.
 

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