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A sound wave is a mechanical wave that requires a medium, such as air or water, to travel through. It is created by the vibration of particles in the medium. On the other hand, a light wave is an electromagnetic wave that can travel through vacuum as well as a medium. It is created by the oscillation of electric and magnetic fields.
A sound wave travels through a medium by causing particles in the medium to vibrate. These vibrations create a series of compressions and rarefactions, which propagate the sound energy through the medium. The speed of sound varies depending on the density and elasticity of the medium.
The speed of a sound wave is affected by the temperature, density, and elasticity of the medium it is traveling through. As the temperature of a medium increases, the speed of sound also increases. A denser medium will transmit sound faster, while a less elastic medium will transmit sound slower.
Unlike sound waves, light waves do not require a medium to travel through. This is because light is an electromagnetic wave that consists of oscillating electric and magnetic fields. These fields can travel through a vacuum at a constant speed of approximately 299,792,458 meters per second.
When a light wave encounters a material, it can be absorbed, transmitted, or reflected. The interaction between light and a material depends on the properties of the material, such as its density, opacity, and refractive index. Some materials, like glass, can transmit light while also reflecting some of it, giving it a shiny appearance.