What is the mechanics behind hydrogenation with H2 molecules?

In summary, the presence of H2 allows for the donation of a single hydrogen atom to a negatively charged molecule, known as heterolytic bond cleavage.
  • #1
Zensation
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If there is a molecule that is negatively charged after gaining an electron and it only needs one hydrogen to be hydrogenated, in the presence of H2 will one of the hydrogen leave the hydrogen pair to hydrogenate the negatively charged molecule? Or does the hydrogen have to be already separated, such as being donated from an acid?

I would figure that H2 can readily donate a single hydrogen atom if there is a negatively charged molecule that just received an electron and is able to be hydrogenated. How does this work?
 
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  • #2
The negatively charged molecule would act as an electron donor, allowing the H2 molecule to donate a hydrogen atom to it. This is called heterolytic bond cleavage, and it is one of the most common ways of transferring a single hydrogen atom from H2 to another molecule.
 

1. What is hydrogenation and why is it important?

Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction in which hydrogen molecules (H2) are added to a compound, typically an unsaturated organic compound, to form a saturated compound. This process is important because it can change the physical properties of the compound, making it more stable and less reactive.

2. How does hydrogenation with H2 molecules occur?

Hydrogenation with H2 molecules occurs through a catalytic process, meaning that a catalyst is used to speed up the reaction. The catalyst, typically a metal such as palladium or nickel, provides a surface for the hydrogen molecules to adsorb onto and react with the compound.

3. What are the applications of hydrogenation with H2 molecules?

Hydrogenation with H2 molecules has a wide range of applications in various industries. It is commonly used in the food industry to produce margarine and vegetable oils, as well as in the production of plastics, pharmaceuticals, and fuels.

4. How does the mechanism of hydrogenation with H2 molecules differ from other types of reduction reactions?

The mechanism of hydrogenation with H2 molecules is unique in that it involves the addition of two hydrogen atoms to the compound, rather than the transfer of a single hydrogen atom. This results in a more controlled and selective reaction, as well as a higher degree of saturation in the final product.

5. Can hydrogenation with H2 molecules be used to create specific products?

Yes, hydrogenation with H2 molecules can be tailored to produce specific products by adjusting the reaction conditions, such as temperature, pressure, and type of catalyst used. This allows for the production of a wide range of products with different physical and chemical properties.

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