Block slides from rest from the top of a fixed frictionless sphere

In summary, the conversation discusses the problem of a small block sliding down a fixed, frictionless sphere and determines the vertical distance traveled by the block and its speed when it loses contact with the surface. The conversation utilizes conservation of mechanical energy and the concept of centripetal force to solve the problem. The final answer is x = R/3 and v = (2gR/3)^1/2.
  • #1
leyyee
21
0
can anyone help me to solve this question? please and thank you :D

A small block slides from rest from the top of a fixed frictionless sphere of
radius R.

Determine the vertical distance traveled by the block, x , where it loses
contact with the surface of the sphere and its speed at this point.
 
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  • #2
let m be the mass of the block.
let y be the angular displacement of the block between its starting point and the point in which it loses contact with the sphere.

we can see that cos(y) = (R-x)/R, x = R[1 - cos(y)]

since there is conservation of mechanical energy, loss of gravitational potential energy will result in a gain in kinetic energy of the block, mgx = (1/2)mv2
hence, v2 = 2gx = 2gR[1 - cos(y)]

next, as the block moves down the sphere, a portion of its weight must act radially into the sphere so as to provide the required centripetal force for the motion of the block.
hence, required centripetal force = mg*cos(y) = mv2/R
substituting the value of v2 found previously into the equation, mg*cos(y) = 2mgR[1 - cos(y)]/ R
hence, rearranging the terms, we get cos(y) = 2/3

since x = R[1 - cos(y)], x = R(1 - 2/3) = R/3

since v2 = 2gx = 2gR[1 - cos(y)], v2 = 2gR/3, v = (2gr/3)1/2

is it correct?
 

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  • #3
YEAh. THANK YOU!
 

1. What is a block slide from rest on a fixed frictionless sphere?

A block slide from rest on a fixed frictionless sphere refers to the motion of a block sliding down a curved surface without any external forces acting on it, such as friction or air resistance. The block starts at rest at the top of the sphere and gains speed as it moves towards the bottom.

2. What is the role of gravity in a block slide from rest on a fixed frictionless sphere?

Gravity is the only force acting on the block during its slide down the frictionless sphere. It is responsible for the acceleration of the block and the conversion of potential energy to kinetic energy as the block moves downwards.

3. How is the speed of the block calculated during a slide from rest on a fixed frictionless sphere?

The speed of the block can be calculated using the equation v = √(2gh), where v is the final speed of the block, g is the acceleration due to gravity (9.8 m/s²), and h is the height of the sphere.

4. What factors can affect the speed of the block during a slide from rest on a fixed frictionless sphere?

The speed of the block is affected by the height of the sphere, the mass of the block, and the acceleration due to gravity. The higher the sphere, the faster the block will slide down. A heavier block will have a slower speed, and a higher acceleration due to gravity will result in a faster speed.

5. What happens to the speed of the block if friction is present on the surface of the sphere?

If friction is present on the surface of the sphere, it will act as an opposing force to the motion of the block, reducing its speed. The amount of friction present will determine how much the speed is reduced. The block will eventually come to a stop if enough friction is present.

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