Underdamped Harmonic oscillator with applied force

In summary, the problem involves an underdamped harmonic oscillator with mass m, spring constant k, damping resistance c, and an applied force F0cosωt. The equation for x(t) can be found by considering the inhomogeneous part of the equation, which results in x(t) = Acos(Ωt - ∅). The values of A and ∅ can be determined using the given equations and initial conditions x = x0 and v = v0. The amplitude of x(t) does depend on time and can be visualized using a demo such as the one provided.
  • #1
nbram87
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Homework Statement



An underdamped harmonic oscillator with mass m, spring constant k, and damping resistance c is subject to an applied force F0cosωt.
(a) [analytical] If, at t = 0, x = x0 and v = v0, what is x(t)?


Homework Equations



Ωinitial = √(k/m)

The Attempt at a Solution



Fnet = -kx - cv + F0cos(Ωt) = ma
x(t) = xh(t) (homogeneous) + xi(t) (inhomogeneous) so we will only be left with the inhomogeneous part
x(t) = Acos(Ωt - ∅)

A = (F0/m) / ((√(Ωinitial^2 - Ω^2)^2 + 4gamma*Ω^2))

∅ = tan-1((2*gamma*Ω)/(Ωinitial^2 - Ω^2))

I have all that but I am confused where x = x0 amd v = v0 come into play and how to plug it all into a x(t) equation
 
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What is an underdamped harmonic oscillator with applied force?

An underdamped harmonic oscillator with applied force is a physical system that experiences a restoring force and an external force, causing it to oscillate about a stable equilibrium point. The system is considered underdamped when the damping force is less than the critical damping value, allowing the system to continue oscillating with decreasing amplitude over time.

What is the equation of motion for an underdamped harmonic oscillator with applied force?

The equation of motion for an underdamped harmonic oscillator with applied force is given by:
m(d^2x/dt^2) + b(dx/dt) + kx = F(t)

where m is the mass of the oscillator, b is the damping coefficient, k is the spring constant, and F(t) is the applied force as a function of time.

What is the relationship between the damping coefficient and the critical damping value?

The damping coefficient is a measure of the strength of the damping force in a system. The critical damping value is the minimum amount of damping required to prevent oscillation and bring the system to equilibrium in the shortest possible time. The damping coefficient must be less than the critical damping value for the system to be considered underdamped.

How does the amplitude of an underdamped harmonic oscillator with applied force change over time?

The amplitude of an underdamped harmonic oscillator with applied force decreases over time as the system loses energy due to the damping force. This results in the oscillations becoming smaller and smaller until the system eventually reaches equilibrium.

What is the phase difference between the applied force and the displacement of an underdamped harmonic oscillator?

The phase difference between the applied force and the displacement of an underdamped harmonic oscillator is 90 degrees. This means that the displacement of the oscillator is always 90 degrees behind the applied force, resulting in a sinusoidal motion.

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