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OK, we had Hall-effect equivalent for photons. And now there is Hall effect for phonons!
http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/9/10/5/1
Zz.
http://physicsweb.org/articles/news/9/10/5/1
Zz.
The Hall effect for phonons refers to the phenomenon in which a magnetic field applied perpendicular to a material induces a transverse voltage in the direction perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the current flow. It is a manifestation of the Lorentz force acting on phonons, which are collective vibrations in a material's lattice.
The Hall effect for phonons is fundamentally different from the Hall effect for electrons. While the Hall effect for electrons is due to the deflection of charge carriers in a material, the Hall effect for phonons is a result of the Lorentz force acting on the collective vibrations in a material's lattice. Additionally, the Hall effect for phonons is typically observed at much lower temperatures compared to the Hall effect for electrons.
The Hall effect for phonons has several potential applications, such as in the development of new types of sensors, transducers, and actuators. It can also be used to study the properties of materials, such as their thermal conductivity and magnetic properties, at low temperatures.
No, the Hall effect for phonons can only be observed in materials that exhibit both electrical and thermal conductivity, as well as in the presence of a magnetic field. Therefore, it is typically observed in metals, semiconductors, and insulators that have a high thermal conductivity.
The Hall effect for phonons is typically measured using a Hall effect sensor, which consists of a thin metallic film that is placed in a magnetic field. When a current is passed through the sensor, a voltage is induced perpendicular to both the current and the magnetic field. This voltage can then be measured and used to determine the properties of the material.