Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3. A stable binary hydride, and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a distinct characteristic of a pungent smell. It is a common nitrogenous waste, particularly among aquatic organisms, and it contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to food and fertilizers. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, is also a building block for the synthesis of many pharmaceutical products and is used in many commercial cleaning products. It is mainly collected by downward displacement of both air and water.
Although common in nature – both terrestrially and in the outer planets of the solar system – and in wide use, ammonia is both caustic and hazardous in its concentrated form. It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States, and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities.The global industrial production of ammonia in 2018 was 175 million tonnes, with no significant change relative to the 2013 global industrial production of 175 million tonnes. Industrial ammonia is sold either as ammonia liquor (usually 28% ammonia in water) or as pressurized or refrigerated anhydrous liquid ammonia transported in tank cars or cylinders.NH3 boils at −33.34 °C (−28.012 °F) at a pressure of one atmosphere, so the liquid must be stored under pressure or at low temperature. Household ammonia or ammonium hydroxide is a solution of NH3 in water. The concentration of such solutions is measured in units of the Baumé scale (density), with 26 degrees Baumé (about 30% (by weight) ammonia at 15.5 °C or 59.9 °F) being the typical high-concentration commercial product.
The state of an ammonia molecule approximated by a two-state system as in the Feynman Lectures can be written |\psi\rangle = C_{1}|1\rangle + C_{2}|2\rangle, where the general solution for the coefficients is
$$
C_{1} = \frac{a}{2}e^{i(E_{0} - A)t/\hbar} + \frac{b}{2}e^{i(E_{0} + A)/\hbar}$$...
Homework Statement
The following chemical reaction takes place inside a reactor where 80% conversion is obtained with an equimolar mixture of NH3 and O2 fed at the flow rate of 100 mol/h.
4NH3 + 5O2 ⇔ 4NO + 6H2O
What are the output rates of all species?
There's a diagram shown where...
Comes now the web page
http://www.dr-fix-it.com/absorption.html
which says that the ammonia-based absorption-cycle refrigerators ==do== operate only because droplets of liquid ammonia dripping into the ambient of the evaporator (= 200psi of pure hydrogen gas) can only continue to...
Hi,
I'm looking at a question which asks how one can test for ammonia in
[NH4]2Fe[SO4]2
The answer says that you add sodium hydroxide, and get
[NH4]2Fe[SO4]2 + 2 NaOH -> [NH4]2Fe(OH)2 + 2 NaSO4
This is what I don't get: it then says you test the ammonia gas with litmus paper, or with HCL...
Homework Statement
I had a problem in inorganic chemistry that required I know what forms when strontium dissolves in ammonia. Looking at the answer, it says that
Sr + NH3 ---> Sr[NH3]6
I'm not sure how I would have been able to predict that this is what formed.
Homework...
Hi,
I'm an undergraduate taking the basic quantum classes and on my own, I'm trying to wrap my mind around how symmetry and group theory applies in Q.M. and theoretical physics in general; it's coming along slowly but surely!
Can someone please explain why the ammonia molecule is said to...
Homework Statement
Explain why the H-N-H bond angle in ammonia is less than that of H-C-H in methane.
Though this is a worked example. I just want to understand the explanation given for the problem.
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
As I said, this is a worked...
I am given a project on Revamp of Spring Supports at an Ammonia Plant where I work as a Maintenance Engineer. We are facing serious issues during the project, and hence I need guidance from experienced persons in the field.
Briefly described, our plant was relocated from a place where it was in...
I'm trying to follow Feynman's explanation on page 9-3 of Volume 3 of The Feynman Lectures on Physics. I've attached a copy of the section in question.
To normalize CII he notes that
< II | II > = < II | 1 >< 1 | II > + < II | 2 >< 2 | II > = 1
I am not clear how he derives the conclusion...
Homework Statement
A West Virginia coal burned in a steam generator has the following mass analysis: carbon 75.0%, oxygen 6.7%, hydrogen 5.0%, water 2.5%, sulfur 2.3%, nitrogen 1.5%, ash 7.0%.
How much limestone, CaCO3, in kg/day is needed to remove 96% of the SO2 produced from combustion...
I am quite confused by this, because I have not yet found a compound that has a higher one. My understanding is that specific heat capacity of a molecule is based on a combination of the number of degrees of freedom the molecule has and the number of vibrational modes. As for the second factor...
Homework Statement
Experimental evidence suggests that the nitrogen atom in ammonia, NH3 , has four orbitals in the shape of a pyramid or tetrahedron. Draw an energy-level diagram to show the formation of these orbitals. (Hint: No electron promotion is required.)
Homework Equations...
I have attached a copy of my homework paper to this post. I'm fairly certain the answers are not correct. The quality for both parts is 1.00. In addition, the quality increases (to the fourth decimal place) in the 0.0 degree Fahrenheit sample. I'd expect the quality to go down due to less heat...
I need some help calculating basic chemistry. I need to know how much ammonia I need to add to a volume of water to reach the appropriate pH level.
I have 50 cubic meters of demin water that I need to raise to a pH of 11. Volume is not flowing.
I am using aqueous ammonia of 25%...
Homework Statement
Is the reaction for the production of ammonia an endothermic reaction or an exothermic reaction? Explain.
Homework Equations
n/a
The Attempt at a Solution
I know that the production of ammonia in the Haber process is indeed exothermic and that the backwards reaction (NH3...
Homework Statement
A mixture is made by adding 25 ml of 0.100M HCl to 100ml of 0.025M ammonia hydroxide. Kd = 1.76 x 10^-5 . My task is to calculate the pH.
Homework Equations
I think this is the reaction that follows:
NH4OH + HCl <--> NH4 + H2O + Cl
The Attempt at a Solution
I...
Homework Statement
Ammonia NH3 is made by the haber process: N2 + 3H2 --> 2NH3
The nitrogen required for this process is obtained from air by using the air to burn natural gas CH4 , thereby removing the oxygen from the air, leaving behind only nitrogen. The hydrogen required is obtained...
I'm not a science student. So, please be simple and straightforward.
I remember once I smelled a sample of urine which had been kept there for some days. It smelled so gross that I was going to puke. Someone said that it was because of ammonia which had resulted from break down of urea. I...
Homework Statement
Ammoniacal nitrogen can be determined by treatment of the sample with chloroplatinic acid; the product is slightly soluble ammonium chloroplatinate: H2PtCl6 + 2NH4 --> (NH4)2PtCl6 + 2H
The precipitate decomposes on ignition, yielding metallic platinum and gaseous...
Ammonia solution turns blue when alkali and alkaline Earth metals are dissolved in it. Why is the blue colour common to all? Is it because of the dissolution of electrons that is common in all cases?
I'm guessing this is the right forum to post in.
Ammonia shares many properties with water. It is polar, it is amphoteric, it reacts with itself to form its acid and base conjugates NH4+ and NH2-.
Just as water is our basis of life, could another species use ammonia like we use water...
Hi guys, i remember there is a process that produce ammonia from nitrogen oxides, either NO2 or NO but i couldn't remember the equation and couldn't find it online, all i get was haber process when the word ammonia is there. Anyone have any idea?
http://session.masteringphysics.com/problemAsset/1003323/16/152457.jpg
Part A
The line between which two points would describe a process of liquid ammonia boiling completely away?
Express the answer as two letters representing the endpoints of the line in order so that going from the first...
Homework Statement
Ammonia acts as a base in aqueous solution; Kb is equal to 1.8 x 10-5. What is the Ka for the ammonium ion NH4+ in aqueous solution?
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
I am totally lost for this question, can someone please start me off? all i know...
Homework Statement
I am trying to determine the products of the equation
CH3CO2H(aq) + NH3
Homework Equations
Acid Base reaction
The Attempt at a Solution
I know that this is an acid-base reaction so I assumed it would form a salt (acetate) and water but that doesn't account for...
Researchers think they have found traces of ammonia in Mars' athmosphere.
Since ammonia is degraded quickly there, if this were true, it would mean the presence of some ammonia-producing source on Mars.
THe best bets for that would be either active volcanoes or microbes, but since active...
I accidentally stored some 2M NH3 in polycarbonate bottles , and now they're toast. It produced some white crystals and a brown suspension. I've done a little Googling and haven't found what the possible products are. Do you know what they could be? I am mostly concerned about disposal, and...
propylamine ammonia basicity
Homework Statement
suggest which one of ammonia or propyl amine is more basic.
Homework Equations
The Attempt at a Solution
i know that a base is a proton acceptor. i am trying to figure out which one of them would accept a proton more readily.
Hello all,
I had chemistry a long time ago, but now I am very rusty at it :frown: so I am hoping you can get me started with this problem I have;
A particular solution of ammonia (Kb = 1.8 x 10-5) has a pH of 8.3.
What is the concentration of ammonia in this solution?
Is it the...
Homework Statement
An ammonia molecule (NH_3) has a permanent electric dipole moment 5.0 * 10^-30 Cm . A proton is 2.50 nm from the molecule in the plane that bisects the dipole.
What is the electric force of the molecule on the proton?
Homework Equations
E_dipole = K 2p / r^3 (on axis...
Hello ,
We tried to demonstrate preparation of Ammonia by mixing Ammonium Chloride and Calcium Hydroxide in round bottom flask mixed in the proportion of 2:3 .
The flask was in a slanting position with the delivery tube attached to a decicator with Calcium Oxide for drying the gas.
A Flask...
Why did Fritz Haber develop a process for systhesis of ammonia?
Which are the other production processes of ammonia? (except the ones named below)
One more time I need help. Thank you. :smile:
I know that in order to be helped we must present our thinking, but I cannot do that since my knowledge in this topic is small and I don't have time to make a search because I have to study for my math's test that is tomorrow. I hope you understand.
Imagine that you are going to visit a...
Here is the problem:
Given pKa=9.3 what is pH of 0.005 mol/l ammonia solution.
The problem is, I don't get this pKa part. I mean, I know t means Ka=5.0119*10^-10 but ammonia is a base, not acid.
G
Why do we use alcoholic Ammonia not Ammonia only or aqueous ammonia while using it to treat haloalkanes to form primary,secondary or tertiary amines.
same for treatment of haloalkanes with alcoholic silver cyanide to form alkyl iso cyanide.why don't we use aqueos AgCN
Thanx