What is Binomial: Definition and 667 Discussions

In probability theory and statistics, the binomial distribution with parameters n and p is the discrete probability distribution of the number of successes in a sequence of n independent experiments, each asking a yes–no question, and each with its own Boolean-valued outcome: success (with probability p) or failure (with probability q = 1 − p). A single success/failure experiment is also called a Bernoulli trial or Bernoulli experiment, and a sequence of outcomes is called a Bernoulli process; for a single trial, i.e., n = 1, the binomial distribution is a Bernoulli distribution. The binomial distribution is the basis for the popular binomial test of statistical significance.
The binomial distribution is frequently used to model the number of successes in a sample of size n drawn with replacement from a population of size N. If the sampling is carried out without replacement, the draws are not independent and so the resulting distribution is a hypergeometric distribution, not a binomial one. However, for N much larger than n, the binomial distribution remains a good approximation, and is widely used.

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  1. T

    The normal approximation to the binomial

    Homework Statement I've attached the questionHomework Equations Pr(X<=x)= (x + 0.5 - n*p) / sqrt(n*p*(1-p))The Attempt at a Solution okay so n=1150, p=0.02 , Pr(X<23) =23 + 0.5 - 1150(0.02) / sqrt(1150*0.02*0.98) =0.105316 is that bit right so far. Because it is less than i thought x...
  2. L

    Binomial expansion comparison with legendre polynomial expansion

    Hi, I've been working on this question which asks to show that {{P}_{n}}(x)=\frac{1}{{{2}^{n}}n!}\frac{{{d}^{n}}}{d{{x}^{n}}}{{\left( {{x}^{2}}-1 \right)}^{n}} So first taking the n derivatives of the binomial expansions of (x2-1)n...
  3. P

    MHB What is the Least Value of K for Advancement in a Binomial Distribution Game?

    A bag contains 4 red, 5 blue and 6 green balls. The balls are indistinguishable except for their colour. A trial consists of drawing a ball at random from the bag, noting its colour and replacing it in the bag. A game is plated by performing 10 trials in all. At the start of the tournament...
  4. K

    Verify and Explain Binomial R.V. Identities

    If X and Y are binomial random variables with respective parameters (n,p) and (n,1-p), verify and explain the following identities: a.) P{X<=i}= P{Y>=n-i}; b.) P{X=k}= P{Y=n-k} Relevant Equations: P{X=i}=nCi *p^(i) *(1-p)^(n-i), where nCi is the combination of "i" picks given "n"...
  5. M

    Conditional Binomial Distribution

    Hi guys, I can't get my head around this, if anyone could help that would be great. "A robotic assembly line contains 20 stations. Suppose that the probability that each individual station will fail is 0.3 and that the stations fail indepen- dently of each other. Given that at least one...
  6. R

    Binomial theprem and expansion

    (1+x)^n=1+nx/1!+(n(n-1) x^2)/2!+⋯+ what are the last few terms of this ? I looked and tried but don't seem to get any textbook answer for this.
  7. R

    Proving (1+n)^n≥ 5/2* n^n- 1/2* n^(n-1) for n≥2 using Binomial Theorem

    Homework Statement (1+n)^n≥ 5/2* n^n- 1/2* n^(n-1) for n≥2 Homework Equations i know I have to use this formula (1+x)^n=1+nx/1!+(n(n-1) x^2)/2!+⋯ The Attempt at a Solution And you take x=n from my original inequality but after that I have no clue (1+n)^n=1+n/1! n+(n(n-1) n^2)/2!+⋯ but it...
  8. C

    What is the Binomial Formula in Matrices without Evaluating Determinants?

    Homework Statement I'm sorry this doesn't look too nice but it is supposed to be two matricces. Show: |1 a1-b1 a1+b1| |1 a1 b1| |1 a2-b2 a2+b2|=2*|1 a2 b2| |1 a3-b3 a3+b3| |1 a3 b3| without evaluating the determinants. Homework Equations...
  9. tony873004

    Find Term with Power in Binomial Expansion: x^81y^30

    Homework Statement Find the term with the specified power in the expansion of the given binomial power. \left( {x^3 + y^2 } \right)^{42} ,\,\,\,\,\,y^{15} Homework Equations {\rm{term}} = \frac{{n!}}{{r!\left( {n - r} \right)!}}x^{n - r} y^r The Attempt at a Solution...
  10. J

    Is this a correct way to rewrite the binomial theorem?

    Homework Statement I am doing a poof and I need to use the binomial theorem. However is the following a correct way to rewrite it? (a+b)^n\ =\ {n \choose 0}a^{n} + \sum_{k=1}^{n}{n \choose k}\ a^{n-k}\ b^{k} Homework Equations (a+b)^n\ =\ \sum_{k=0}^{n}{n \choose k}\ a^{n-k}\ b^{k}...
  11. P

    Proof involving binomial coefficients.

    Homework Statement Prove that \sum\limits_{k=o}^l {n \choose k}{m \choose l-k} = {n+m \choose l} Hint: Apply binomial theorem to (1+x)^n * (1+x)^m Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Using the hint, I started by saying that (1+x)^n * (1+x)^m = (1+x)^(n+m) =...
  12. S

    Probability problem: upper bounds on binomial CDF

    Homework Statement Hi all, just a quick question here - the setup is as follows: X is a random variable, X \sim \operatorname{Bin}(m,p) where p=2^{-\sqrt{\log n}}(\log n)^2 and m \geq 2^{\sqrt{\log n}}c for constants c, n (n "large" here). I wish to show that \mathbb{P}(X < c) \leq e^{-(\log...
  13. N

    Proof using the binomial theorem

    Homework Statement Use the binomial theorem to rpove that for n a positive integer we have: (1 + 1/n)^n = 1 + sum(k=1 to n) [1/k! product(r=0 to k-1) (1 - r/n)] The Attempt at a Solution (1 + 1/n)^n = 1 + sum(k=1 to n) (n choose r) 1^n-k (1/n)^k, where (n choose r) = n!/r!(n - r)...
  14. B

    Generating functions and sums with binomial coefficients

    Homework Statement Show that the generating function A(x) = \sum_n a_n x^n of a_n = \sum_{k=0}^n {n+k \choose 2k} 2^{n-k} satisfies A(x) = \frac{1-2x}{4x^2-5x+1}Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution A hint was given to "interchange the sums". After doing that, I don't see how to...
  15. Z

    Poisson vs binomial process

    I might need you guys to help me see how this proces, will be distributed: Suppose we have a large amount of elements N(≈1012). I'm simulating a system where I for each iteration damage a random element. If an element gets damaged its damagecounter goes up 1. So say I pick element number...
  16. A

    Probability of 5 Heads in Binomial Distribution

    Suppose you have a coin with 4 fair sides, flip it 5 times, and want to know the probability of 5 heads. This is K(10,5) * (0.25)5 * (1-0.25)5 = K(10,5)*0.255*0.755 Or more generally for any binomially distributed outcome: 1) p(x=r) = pr*(1-p)n-r*K(n,r) But also we must have that: 2) p(x=r)...
  17. Z

    Binomial identities,combinatorial, equivalence

    Homework Statement To make it simpler just assume n is a positive even integer though it is also true when this is not the case but then the limits on s will be half an odd integer(s). We also assume L is a non-negative integer and s goes by unit steps in the summation as usual...
  18. A

    Binomial Distribution: What Is It?

    Is the binomial distribution, what you call a product distribution? How can I see that, if that is true?
  19. L

    Binomial Distribution Probability

    Homework Statement A quality control engineer tests the quality of produced computers. Suppose that 5% of computers have defects, and defects occur independently of each other. A- What is the expected number of defective computers in a shipment of twenty? B- Find the probability of exactly...
  20. F

    Binomial distribution and lottery

    Hi there, I'm looking at a problem and wanted some help to advise if I'm going in the right direction. I need to test if the number of times a lotto ball has appeared in a draw fits a binomial distribution. I have collated the data and ultimately will do a hypothesis test. The draw...
  21. A

    Understanding Binomial Distribution: Sum Always Equals 1?

    Is quite easy to understand. What I don't understand though is this: When you sum over all the binomial probabilities from i=0 to n you should get 1, as this corresponds to the total probability of getting any outcome. I just don't understand what it is, that guarantees that you always get one...
  22. T

    MHB Binomial Expansion Part I: Find Formula for 8th Power - 65 chars

    Part I. Write out the binomial expansion for each binomial raised to the 8th power. 1. (x + y) 2. (w + z) 3. (x - y) 4. (2a + 3b) Part II. Now explain how your answer for #1 could be used as a formula to help you answer each of the other items. In each case, for #2, 3 and 4, tell...
  23. Q

    Proving Binomial Theorem with Greatest Term and Coefficient Relationship

    Homework Statement Show that if the greatest term in the expansion of (1+x)2n is also the greatest coefficient, then x lies between n/n+1 and n+1/n. Homework Equations No idea. The Attempt at a Solution Don't know where to start.
  24. U

    Finding Binomial Co-efficient from pronumerals

    Homework Statement I'm asked to find (a/b) in the simplest form if the co-efficient of x^8 is zero in the expansion of: (1 + x)(a - bx)^12 Homework Equations Binomial expansion formula ... (a + b)^n = Sum of r --> n (r = 0) (nCr)(a^(n-r) * b^r The Attempt at a Solution...
  25. Roodles01

    Binomial expansion of term with x^2

    I have to determine the coefficient of an x term in an expansion such as this; Determine the coefficient of x^18 in the expansion of (1/14 x^2 -7)^16 The general term in the binomial expansion is nCk a^k b^(n−k) I could let a = (1/14 x^2) b = -7 n = 16 k = 9? I have no real idea of how to go...
  26. N

    Electric field due to a FINITE cylinder of charge - Tricky binomial expansion

    1. Homework Statement (a) Calculate the electric field at an axial point z of a thin, uniformly charged cylinder of charge density ρ , radius R, and length 2L. z is the distance measured from the center of the cylinder. (b) What becomes of your result in the event z >> L ? 2. Homework...
  27. A

    Probability theory. quick question regarding conditionalizing the binomial dist

    Hello, so suppose we have B(n,p), where n is discretely uniformly distributed on the integers of the interval (1,5) Is the expected value 3p, and is the variance 3p-p^2 ? I arrived at those answers by treating n as another variable, so np/5 summed over all n is 3p, and similar logic for...
  28. D

    Straightforward Binomial Coefficient Proof

    Homework Statement Let n be an element of the positive numbers (Z+). Prove that 3 divides (3n n) or "3n choose n". Use the definition of a binomial coefficient to solve. Homework Equations Definition of a Binomial Coefficient: (n k) := ( n! / k!(n - k)! ) The Attempt at a Solution...
  29. 8

    Stats question regarding negative binomial

    Homework Statement The problem is attached in the pdf Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I have the solution, I just don't really understand it. In the solution, the author takes the expected value of the negative binomial ( n(1-pi)/pi ) and plugs it into the g'(x)...
  30. P

    Binomial Distribution Homework: Equations and Solutions

    Homework Statement http://puu.sh/epl6 Answer http://puu.sh/eplm Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution No clue on how to attempt this problem. Any help would be appreciated, thanks!
  31. P

    Probability of Guesser Scoring 100% on Midvale School Tests

    Homework Statement Midvale School for the Gifted has two types of students: Guessers and Swots. All Midvale tests consist of sets of questions with yes/no answers. Guessers will simply answer yes or no to each question as the mood takes them, so they have probability 0.5 of getting each...
  32. N

    Do I Use the Binomial or the Negative Binomial?

    Homework Statement Two teams, A and B, play a series of games. If team A has probability .4 of winning each game, is it to its advantage to play the best three out of five games or the best four out of seven? Assume the outcomes of successive games are independent.Homework Equations...
  33. P

    Binomial Distribution Practice: Part A Solution & Part B Explanation

    Homework Statement http://puu.sh/dOcM Answer: http://puu.sh/dOcZ Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I got Part A. For part A, this is what I did: I did Egg A: X ~ (6,(1/6)) P(X = 1) and did something similar for Egg B. I then multiplied both to get the answer for Part...
  34. Z

    Binomial / combinatorial

    This is not actually a homework nor test problem so you are not helping me cheat but I put it in this section as it seems most applicable. Re\: text by Biedenharn and Louck "Angular momentum in Q.Physics" . I derive an expression for the norm squared wrt a certain expression in Boson calculus...
  35. S

    Estimation, negative binomial variable

    Hey, there's this thing I can't wrap my head around. Let's say we have a negative binomial variable x, with parameters p and r. That is, x is the number of failures we get before the rth sucess, while looking at random bernolli variables with sucsess rate p. It can be shown that...
  36. M

    2 variable binomial distribution?

    I'm having a bit of trouble understanding a probability distribution of 2 variables. Take for example taking n cards from a deck, and seeing what is the probability of getting X queens and say Y aces (with replacement). This involves the binomial distribution. The probabilities for the...
  37. H

    Binomial Theorem related proofs

    Homework Statement Let a be a fixed positive rational number. Choose (and fix) a natural number M>a. Use (a^n)/(n!)\leq(a^M/(M!))(a/M)^(n-M) to show that, given e>0, there exists an N\inN such that for all n\geqN, (a^n)/n! < e. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution In a...
  38. H

    Binomial Theorem related proofs

    Homework Statement Let a be a fixed positive rational number. Choose(and fix) a naural number M > a. a) For any n\inN with n\geqM, show that (a^n)/(n!)\leq((a/M)^(n-M))*(a^M)/(M!) b)Use the previous prblem to show that, given e > 0, there exists an N\inN such that for all n\geqN, (a^n)/(n!)...
  39. Z

    Binomial identities,combinatorial, equivalence

    NOte this is not a homework nor related to any course nor any test problem etc. - entirely my own interest and study. Re\: text by Biedenharn and Louck "Angular momentum in Q.Physics" . I derive an expression for the norm squared wrt a certain expression in Boson calculus. You don't really...
  40. I

    Proof Related to the Binomial Theorem

    Homework Statement Use the above to prove that given a rational number a > 1 and A any other rational number, there exists b ε N such that ab > A. Homework Equations The above refers to the proving, by use of both induction and binomial theorem, that (1+a)n ≥ 1+na. Binomial Theorem: (i=0 to...
  41. O

    Binomial coefficient summatory and Fibonacci numbers question

    There is a summatory of binomial coefficients which gives the Fibonacci numbers: (5 0) + (4 1) + (3 2) = 1 + 4 + 3 = 8 (Fib 7) (9 0) + (8 1) + (7 2) + (6 3) + (5 4) = 1 + 8 + 21 + 20 + 5 = 55 (Fib 10) If I alterne sum and subtraction I obtain 0, 1 or -1: 1 - 4 + 3 = 0 1 - 8 +...
  42. T

    Solving for a in Binomial Expansion: Find Possible Values

    The coefficient of x in the expansion of [x+(1/ax^2)]^7 is 7/3. Find the possible values of a. 1. Rewrite (x + 1/(ax^2))^7 = x^(-14) (x^3 + 1/a)^7. So, we need to find the coefficient of x^15 from (x^3 + 1/a)^7. 2. Using the Binomial Theorem, we have (x^3 + 1/a)^7 = Σ(k = 0 to 7) C(7...
  43. M

    Prove this inequality with binomial

    Homework Statement Prove that \sum_{k=0}^n {3k\choose k}\ge \frac{5^n-1}{4}Homework Equations {3k\choose k}= \frac{(3k)!}{k!(2k)!}The Attempt at a Solution I tried using the induction principle, but... Here my attempt: For n=0 1>0 ok Suppose that is true for n, i.e.: \sum_{k=0}^n...
  44. M

    Kept getting the wrong answer? binomial conditional probability

    Product Testing A supposed coffee connoisseur claims she can distinguish between a cup of instant coffee and a cup of drip coffee 75% of the time. You give her 5 cups of coffee and tell her that you will grant her claim if she correctly identifies at least 4 of the 5 cups. (a) What are her...
  45. M

    Not sure what i did wrong binomial probability

    In a 22-item true–false examination, a student guesses on each question. If 14 correct answers constitute a passing grade, what is the probability the student will pass? i did c(22,14)* (1/2)^14 * (1/2)^8
  46. M

    Calculating Binomial Probability for Coin Tosses with At Least 1 Head

    A fair coin is tossed 5 times. What is the probability of obtaining exactly 2 heads if it is known that at least 1 head appeared?
  47. P

    Binomial Distribution - Assumptions

    Hi, An airline knows from past experience that the probability of a person booking a seat and then not turning up is 0.04. A small plane has 50 seats and 55 bookings are made. a) A binomial distribution is used to model this situation. What assumption must be made? Comment on how...
  48. T

    Can the Binomial Theorem be derived without prior knowledge of the formula?

    Hi, I am trying to understand the binomial theorem, and would appreciate any insight or pointers. To make notation simpler I'll call the binomial coefficient f(n,k). I understand the combinatorial argument that f(n,k) = f(n-1, k-1) + f(n-1, k). This is, to my understanding, a two...
  49. S

    Binomial distribution problem.

    If X is a binom. rand. var., for what value of θ is the probability b(x;n,θ) at max? Ive no idea... My only guess (most likely wrong) is that max and min are always derivatives... So do i just differentiate and express θ...? Any suggestions...?=( Thank you!
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