What is Equivalent: Definition and 1000 Discussions

Equivalent weight (also known as gram equivalent) is the mass of one equivalent, that is the mass of a given substance which will combine with or displace a fixed quantity of another substance. The equivalent weight of an element is the mass which combines with or displaces 1.008 gram of hydrogen or 8.0 grams of oxygen or 35.5 grams of chlorine. These values correspond to the atomic weight divided by the usual valence; for oxygen as example that is 16.0 g / 2 = 8.0 g.
For acid–base reactions, the equivalent weight of an acid or base is the mass which supplies or reacts with one mole of hydrogen cations (H+). For redox reactions, the equivalent weight of each reactant supplies or reacts with one mole of electrons (e−) in a redox reaction.Equivalent weight has the dimensions and units of mass, unlike atomic weight, which is dimensionless. Equivalent weights were originally determined by experiment, but (insofar as they are still used) are now derived from molar masses. Additionally, the equivalent weight of a compound can be calculated by dividing the molecular mass by the number of positive or negative electrical charges that result from the dissolution of the compound.

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  1. P

    Engineering Thevenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits

    Homework Statement Consider this circuit. Find the Thévenin and Norton Equivalent Circuits (just need the 1st one). Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution My attempt: Can someone check? Thanks a lot!
  2. Q

    Is this equivalent to the Pythagorean Theorem?

    So I was reading up on the Pythagoreans, and I came across this page: http://www.math.ufl.edu/~rcrew/texts/pythagoras.html . I don't see the reasoning behind this statement. I tried some simple algebra on this statement and couldn't get Pythag to fall out of it. Can someone figure out a...
  3. A

    Engineering Thevenin equivalent of a circuit

    Homework Statement I am attempting to solve problem number 4 from the following picture: http://img641.imageshack.us/img641/7950/imageisx.jpg In the picture you can see the suggested line of "cut" for the first application of Thevenin's theorem. The Attempt at a Solution I...
  4. S

    Find the equivalent resistance seen by the source

    Homework Statement Find: a) the equivalent resistor seen by the source; b) value of i0; c) value of v; d) value of v0. http://img823.imageshack.us/img823/4406/dasso.jpg Homework Equations Kirchoff's laws and Ohm's laws The Attempt at a Solution To solve b,c,d I need...
  5. S

    Multiloop circuit: find equivalent resistance

    Homework Statement Find equivalent resistance in this circuit. (picture is in the attached files section)Homework Equations Series: Req=R1+ R2. . . Parallel: 1/Req = 1/R1 + 1/R2 . . . The Attempt at a Solution It seems to me that the 2nd 2ohm resistor (the one that's pointed vertically) has 2...
  6. E

    Are the min max is equivalent to max min?

    Hello, Is \underset{i}{\min}\underset{n}{\max}=\underset{n}{\max}\underset{i}{\min}? Thanks
  7. A

    Combination of Capacitors and Equivalent Capacitance

    Homework Statement Calculate the charge on C1 in Coulombs. Homework Equations umm q=CV The Attempt at a Solution http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20120424171750AA1WxRv I have this same problem except my numbers are: C1= 6.00 μF, C2=3.10 μF, C3= 2.20 μF, C4= 1.30...
  8. A

    Calculate the equivalent capacitance of the circuit

    Homework Statement Calculate the equivalent capacitance of the circuit shown in the diagram above; where C1 = 5.30 microF, C2 = 8.45 microF, C3 = 5.65 microF, and C4 = 8.60 microF. Homework Equations parallel: Ceq = C1 + C2 + etc series 1/Ceq = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + etcThe Attempt at a Solution...
  9. K

    Find the equivalent impedance of an infinite series of resistors and capacitors

    Homework Statement Find the equivalent impedance of the infinite series of resistors and capacitors as shown below -R----R----R----R----...R----... ____C____C____C____B_______C -r----r----r----r----...r----... Homework Equations 2.1. Equivalent resistance of resistors in series : R = R1 + R2...
  10. N

    Estimated equivalent resistance

    "Estimated" equivalent resistance Homework Statement Suppose I have a circuit like the one below, how will you "estimated" the equivalent resistance without using calculation? I know how to calculate equivalent resistance by using Formula: R1 * R2 / (R1+R2) . But can anyone use their logic...
  11. S

    Engineering Thevenins equivalent for an AC circuit

    Homework Statement Just before reading, i am posting this as this question seemed way to easy to solve in my assignment, problems aren't usually this easy ! haha. I need to find V0, i originally just found the voltage at that node using KCL which was straight forward, but in my lecture notes...
  12. F

    A problem with equivalent resistance

    Homework Statement Find the equivalent rezistance in the following (see the attachament) if the rezistance for all the resistor are R ? what is the resistance from AB, AC, AD?
  13. S

    Equivalent Resistance Problem

    I don't understand how I comes into play in the four equations. For example, in V = (I + I1)R, shouldn't it just be V = I1R? Or V = (I(component through bottom wire) + I1)R? Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!
  14. M

    Thevenin Equivalent with dependent sources

    Homework Statement See attached image Homework Equations Thevenin's theorem Node voltage method? The Attempt at a Solution So if I want the current Io, I believe I need to treat the 1K resistor as an open circuit in finding the Thevenin equivalent. I think setting ground to be the bottom...
  15. M

    Engineering Thevenin equivalent of an LED circuit

    Homework Statement How would I go about determining the Thevenin equivalent of a simple circuit involving a battery and an LED? I suppose there could be a series resistor to prevent excess draw and burning out of the diode. This question seems very odd since LEDs by definition don't...
  16. K

    Engineering Thevenin equivalent circuit with dependent current source

    Homework Statement Find the thevenin equivalent circuit of the circuit to the left of the terminals AB. Circuit diagram is attacted below. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution I know that the thevenin resistance is 1kohm. I also know that the thevenin voltage is the voltage across...
  17. L

    What's the equivalent resistance of this circuit?

    This was on my physics exam today and I couldn't solve it. Switch (two red dots) was originally open, and when it was open, the capacitor is uncharged. Then the switch was closed, and they asked me to find the time constant of the charging process. I couldn't find the time constant because I...
  18. J

    Electrical Engineering - Thevenin Equivalent

    Homework Statement (a) For the circuit above find the physical parameters of the Thevenin equivalent source with respect to terminals “a” and “b”. Assume that the resistances and reactances of the circuit are given at signal frequency 1 MHz. (b) Find the impedance of the matched load for that...
  19. E

    Working out Thevenin Equivalent

    Homework Statement Work out the Thevenin Equivalent of this circuit: https://www.physicsforums.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=46120&stc=1&d=1334164751 The Attempt at a Solution I worked out the Rth to be 300Ω, not sure if this is correct, and then I have no idea how to work out Vth Any...
  20. A

    Thévenin's Equivalent Circuit

    As seen from a and b. My teacher did the norton's equivalent in the class, and now for studying purposes i was trying to get to the Thévenin's one. However it seems my equations are somehow wrong, and i can't figure out why. The Eq resistance is 8||2, which is 1.6 ohms. I tried to apply...
  21. R

    Are these two linear maps equivalent?

    let S: A ->B and T: B -> C be linear maps. Then TS : A -> B -> C. But am I right in thinking that the map T': Im(A) -> C is the same as TS? If this is wrong, can you explain why please :) Thanks very much in advance!
  22. R

    Two grids, one rotating, share equivalent x-y coordinates with different values.

    I’m a woodworker, a math idiot, my trig hasn’t improved since I flunked it 40 years ago and I need help making a Christmas toy for my grand-kids. The values that follow are arbitrary, were extracted using eng graphics software and should be solid. Problem: I have one 2D surface (that...
  23. S

    Equivalent Resistance: Series or Parallel Triangles?

    Homework Statement Okay. I thought I knew how to do these type of questions, but here goes. The node at a is attached to the positive terminal of a voltage source and c is attached to the negative. I'm completely bemused as to how to reduce this circuit into a single-resistor equivalent...
  24. A

    Fractions - showing that they are equivalent

    fractions -- showing that they are equivalent I have the fraction: a = c/d * b And from that I want to show that: a = c/(c+d) * (a+b) At least the two equations should be equivalent if I did everything right. How do I go from first to the second?
  25. Shackleford

    Determining Unitarily Equivalent Matrices

    I've had the flu all week. Of course, the book defines unitary equivalent, but it doesn't talk about an efficient method of determining if two matrices are unitarily equivalent. Is there an efficient way to determine if these matrices are unitarily equivalent? \begin{bmatrix} 0 & 1 & 0\\...
  26. B

    Deriving an equivalent system of forces and moments

    Folks, Consider a 2d disk with 2 forces ( ie a bolt pattern) acting axially ie into the page. One can easily get the equivalent force and its point of application to represent the given force system. One can do the same with an annulus, get an equivalent force and its point of application...
  27. Chestermiller

    Gravitational Equivalent of Rindler Space

    In classical physics, the force on an object experiencing constant acceleration is equivalent to the "gravitational force" exerted on an object by a slab of material of uniform thickness and infinite lateral extent. The "gravitational field" is uniform above the slab, and the object's...
  28. A

    Finding the equivalent resistance

    Homework Statement Find the equivalent resistance of the following circuit as seen from terminals a and b. Homework Equations For resistors in series we can sum their values; For resistors in parallel we use R_{eq} = 1 / (1/{R_1} + 1/{R_2} + ... 1/{R_n )} The Attempt at a Solution I don't...
  29. A

    How do i find the equivalent voltage source?

    Homework Statement How do i find the equivalent voltage source of... 1) Two AC voltage sources in series with same frequency and phase = ? 2) One AC voltage source in series with a DC voltage source = ? Homework Equations Equation of a AC voltage source as a function of time V(t)=V_m *...
  30. L

    Proving two metrics are not equivalent

    Homework Statement The vector space of continuous functions on [0,1] is given the following metrics d_{∞} (f,g) = sup_{x\in [0,1]} |f(x)-g(x)| d_{2} (f,g) = (∫^{1}_{0} |f(x)-g(x)|^{2} dx)^{1/2} Are these two metrics equivalent? Homework Equations If d_{∞} and d_{2} are...
  31. P

    Equivalent Capacitance: Distinguishing Parallel/Series

    Homework Statement I'm having trouble distinguishing exactly which combinations are in parallel and which are in series. The fact that both ends of the circuit are open is throwing me off. Can someone walk me through this?
  32. E

    Finding the thevenin equivalent using Vo and Io

    Hey, I'm trying to find the thevenin equivalent of a particular circuit so that I can calculate the current across an inductor. I've attached a pdf with the circuit and the working out I've done so far. When I'm talking about i0 I'm talking about the Thevenin equivalent current and...
  33. A

    Equivalent conditions on a metric space

    Homework Statement Let X be a metric space and A a subset of X. Prove that the following are equivalent: i. A is dense in X ii. The only closed set containing A is X iii. The only open set disjoint from A is the empty set Homework Equations N/A The Attempt at a Solution I can...
  34. R

    Show that metrics d_1,d_2 are equivalent

    Homework Statement Show that two metrics d_1,d_2 are equivalent iff for all epsilon>0, exists delta>0 such that B_(d_1)(x,epsilon) \subset B_(d_2)(x,delta) and vice versa (Where B_(d_1)(x, epsilon) is the open ball on the metric d_1 around x with radius epsilon. Homework Equations pretty...
  35. K

    Engineering CE Amplifier Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit

    Homework Statement i am able to derive out node B and node C, but got stuck at node E. Can somebody please help me out with it? Homework Equations node analysis The Attempt at a Solution i used microsoft to show you my steps as there are too many subscript.
  36. R

    Engineering Use of superposition in Simple Circuits and Norton equivalent

    The problem statement 7. In the circuit below, the resistor R3 models a light bulb. a) Use superposition to find iX. b) Find the Norton equivalent as seen by the independent current source, iS2. c) Find the power delivered by the independent current source, iS2, in the circuit below. Diagram...
  37. S

    Engineering Flip Flops, and equivalent circuits

    Homework Statement Hey guys, Can someone please explain how the following circuits that I attached are equivalent? I'm not seeing that they are when I develop equations for the output Z. For the first one I get Z=Q1+Q2=(Q1'+Q2')+(XQ2')'=Q1'+Q2'+X'+Q2 For the second image I get...
  38. S

    Discrete Math: Proving something is logically equivalent

    Homework Statement Show that (p ∧ q) → r and (p → r) ∧ (q → r) are not logically equivalent. Homework Equations a → b = \nega v b The Attempt at a Solution I'm sorry. I'm completely stumped on how to go about this problem. I'm not asking for the solution since I want to know how...
  39. C

    A density of 1.5 g cm-3 is equivalent to:

    A density of 1.5 g cm-3 is equivalent to: a. 1500 g L-1 b. 150 g L-1 c. 1.5x10^-3 Kg L-1 d. 15 g L-1
  40. C

    Logic - Logically equivalent

    Be \alpha and \beta two formulas of the propositional calculus, show that \alpha and \beta are logically equivalent if and only if ~\alpha and ~\beta are logically equivalent.
  41. C

    Probability of 2 equivalent random selections from integer sets

    What is the probability that a number selected from 0-9 will be the same number as one randomly selected from 0-4? Relevant equations: $$P(A \cap B) = P(A)*P(B|A)$$ I used the equation above, using A as the event that the number selected from 0-9 will be between 0 and 4, and B as the event that...
  42. S

    Equivalent Resistance: To Include or Not to Include r5 and r6?

    Homework Statement Trying to find equivalent resistance between points a and b.Dont know whether to include resistances r5 and r6. Thanks Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Im not sure what to do with the resistances r5 and r6in the open circuits are they apart of...
  43. D

    E to an imaginary power, equivalent expressions, inequal outcomes?

    I'm completely stumped. So is my high-school calculus teacher, but he hasn't done imaginary powers for forty-five years. Hopefully somebody can explain this... To clarify, I understand the reasoning between the following equation: e^{i x}=cos(x)+i sin(x) Now, I need to put some things...
  44. M

    What is electrical equivalent?

    I am writing up a physics lab where we essentially submerged a light-bulb in a styrofoam cup of water and then calculated the electrical energy using the equation P=IV and then multiplied P by ∆time. Then we calculated the thermal energy using the equation Q=mc∆T. I understand you can find the...
  45. R

    3-input AND - NAND equivalent?

    Homework Statement I'm trying to convert the 3-input AND gate shown below using only NAND gates...but am having troubles. Is it possible to use only 2 NANDS for the conversion? http://www.doctronics.co.uk/images/4081_03.gif
  46. A

    Equivalent resistance of tricky circuits?

    equivalent resistance of tricky circuits? Homework Statement what is the equivalent resistance between A and B? Homework Equations kirchoffs law for voltage and current The Attempt at a Solution i got the equivalent resistance between A to C as 3R/4 but i have to find the...
  47. G

    Equivalent Resistance of a Ciruit

    Homework Statement Find the equivalent resistance of the circuit as shown in the diagram below; where, R1 = 2 Ω, R2 = 1 Ω, R3 = 2 Ω, R4 = 1 Ω, R5 = 4 Ω, R6 = 4 Ω, and R7 = 4 Ω. http://i.imgur.com/OsAs2.gif Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution R3 and R4 are in parallel...
  48. S

    Replace with equivalent force-couple system?

    Replace with equivalent force-couple system?? My book has one page on this and I do not understand what they want... Please see attached picture for problems.. First one, left side, says replace the 5KN force with an equivalent force-couple system at O. and The second one says to...
  49. H

    Is there a way to prove equivalent cardinalites?

    Homework Statement I'm just a bit stupefied at trying to prove a cardinality. I'm not sure I have the skills, but I would like to show that the cardinalities of R (the real numbers) and the interval on (0,1) are equivalent.--to be clear, the interval here is all real numbers between (0,1)...
  50. S

    Equivalent definition of the supremum

    Hello everyone, is the following an equivalent definition of the supremum of a set M, M subset of R? y=sup{M} if and only if given that y is an upper bound of M and x is any real number, y >= x implies there exists m in M so that m >=x. pf: Let x_n be a sequence approaching y from...
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