History (from Greek ἱστορία, historia, meaning "inquiry; knowledge acquired by investigation") is the scientific study of the past. Events occurring before the invention of writing systems are considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term that relates to past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of information about these events. Historians place the past in context using historical sources such as written documents, oral accounts, ecological markers, and material objects including art and artifacts.History also includes the academic discipline which uses narrative to describe, examine, question, and analyze a sequence of past events, and investigate the patterns of cause and effect that are related to them. Historians seek to understand and represent the past through narratives. They often debate which narrative best explains an event, as well as the significance of different causes and effects. Historians also debate the nature of history and its usefulness by discussing the study of the discipline as an end in itself and as a way of providing "perspective" on the problems of the present.Stories common to a particular culture, but not supported by external sources (such as the tales surrounding King Arthur), are usually classified as cultural heritage or legends. History differs from myth in that it is supported by evidence. However, ancient influences have helped spawn variant interpretations of the nature of history which have evolved over the centuries and continue to change today. The modern study of history is wide-ranging, and includes the study of specific regions and the study of certain topical or thematic elements of historical investigation. History is often taught as part of primary and secondary education, and the academic study of history is a major discipline in university studies.
Herodotus, a 5th-century BC Greek historian is often considered (within the Western tradition) to be the "father of history", although he has also been called the "father of lies". Along with his contemporary Thucydides, he helped form the foundations for the modern study of human history. Their works continue to be read today, and the gap between the culture-focused Herodotus and the military-focused Thucydides remains a point of contention or approach in modern historical writing. In East Asia, a state chronicle, the Spring and Autumn Annals, was known to be compiled from as early as 722 BC although only 2nd-century BC texts have survived.
I was wondering if anybody knows about the way in which science was studied in the past. For example, did the great scientists that we read about (Kepler, Galileo, Newton, Euler, Maxwell, Einstein, Dirac... etc) study Math and Physics in similar ways as we? Did they learn by solving example...
Harvard professor of history Niall Ferguson gave an interesting talk on history at the Australia Center for Independent Studies
http://fora.tv/2010/07/28/Niall_Ferguson_Empires_on_the_Edge_of_Chaos
His main point was that empires die fast.
¿What are the psychological characteristics of the best physicist of the history?
I would like to talk with you about the psychology of their minds, it does not matter if we talk about Newton, maxwell, arquimedes or einstein, I think that they had something in common and I would like to know...
Books like "A Brief History Of Time" and "The Black Hole War"
G'day
Guys can you please recommend me a good astrology book for a studnet that just finished 8th grade that is like "A Brief History Of Time" by Stephen Hawking and "The Black Hole War" by Leonard Susskind. I like them because of...
I've been applying throughout the UC system and one thing common to their application process is their absolutely stupid essay requirements. Now, maybe if you're in some fail-major like psychology or sociology or ethnic(racist)-studies, these stupid essays might make sense. They want the same...
If I suppose number of civilizations at the present time (ignoring light travel time) is 10-4. (drake equation) Where the civilizations lifetime is 1000 years.
Then over the history of the galaxy,
Number of civilizations over the galactic history=N* Galactic lifeitme (1010)/ Lifetime of...
Please reply in layman terms. Thanks.
Gross Domestic Product, GDP, is the amount of goods and services produced in a year, in a country. It is the market value of all final goods and services made within the borders of a country in a year. I think it's the financial value (in other words...
It is not often that artists need to deal with physics questions, but here's a good one (more than one actually). I hope someone out there will be in the mood for addressing this. It has to do with stone-carving techniques.
If anyone wants to know more context, I'll be glad to fill it in, but...
History & Present State of "Action at a Distance"
The concept of action at a distance is an interesting one. To begin with, it has to have a definition; I'll try: correlation between two systems without anything noticeable in spacetime going from one system to the other (like photons...
Hi all,
Can anyone brief some history and the Characteristics of SiC diode.
I having difficulties to find the infomation about the SiC material.
Beside that, how the Temparature related with the I-V curve (Eg: 200k, room temp,600k)
and different between the Si and SiC at room temp?
Thx.
I was wanting to learn about the development of mathematics and the mathematicians who helped with it. I was wondering if anyone knew of any book that was particularly well written and included a lot of information. Also, if it could go into detail about the mathematicians responsible for the...
A first-round match at Wimbledon has gone to 59-59 in the fifth set. They started playing yesterday, got suspended because of darkness, resumed today and got suspended because of darkness again. They've been at it for ten hours so far...
Hi everyone. I'm new here and I need some help.
On youtube, there is a cult known as Desteni which is spreading wild stories about the past. At first their claims are quite laughable. However many people are joining this group and taking them seriously. The Cult Education Forum has started...
Hey everyone!
I want to know how the equation W=Fd was formulated?
That is to say: why is Work determined as the total force TIMES the distance traveled in the direction of the force.
It seems almost arbitrary though perfectly logical (more force or more distance means more work).
Was...
History repeats itself examples; any ideas? (please!)
Can please give me any ideas about examples ‘history repeating itself’ in Indian history?
It’s for my history project on “History Repeats Itself”. Our teacher told us to collect the information from the internet but in spite of googling I...
I am a 28 year-old postdoctoral scholar at a major research university on the West Coast. Two years ago I finished my Ph.D. in physics at another major research university on the East Coast and now I am considering getting a second Ph.D. in history.
I have regretfully concluded after much...
After reading the introduction of Jackson's Classical Electrodynamics, I found out about Whittaker's history of physics book http://libsysdigi.library.uiuc.edu/ilharvest/BrittleBooks_Open/Books2009-06/whited0001histhe/whited0001histhe.pdf" covers modern theories from 1900 to 1950. Is this the...
I was having a conversation with a friend last night, and he mentioned that he believes that aliens have come to Earth to ancient societies, helping them take actions beyond the the technological capabilities of those societies.
Examples that my friend gave me were Stonehenge and pyramids...
The Socialism that has never been aplied good, so it remains as an ideal vs the Capitalist system(almost every economy is a mixd one so there is no true capitalist society). Personally i vote for Socialism, i do this for 2 mayor reasons
-First as a human being i like the Stoicism and in...
Hi,
I am pleased to have joined and I hope to browse this forum when I have some time.
I have started reading A Brief History of Time for the first time and wanted to express how awesome this book is already (chapter 3 started) and how much it is making me think (and not about work). Chapter...
This is rather disturbing, to say the least.
U.S. history textbooks could soon be flavored heavily with Texas conservatism
continued...
http://news.yahoo.com/s/ynews/ynews_ts1253
Time Travel Question (from "A Briefer History of Time")
I read the original "A Brief History of Time" and is now reading "A Briefer History of Time". :P
There is a part about time travel that confuses me. Does anyone want to enlighten me using layman terms? (i am a mathematics major, not a...
So in my history class i am being asked to write an 5 page research paper on anything that has impacted American Society culturally, economocially, socially, etc.
It can be on anything from baseball to jazz to the atomic bomb. It just has to have had a major impact on America between 1877...
I want to remove my clients browsing history every time they access new pages from my website. is there any code, i keep searching the net and i can't find one.
I'm looking for a good history of physics book for use as a textbook in a history of physics course. something not as basic as Roger Netwon's From Clockwork To Crapshoot, but something not specific to one event or one era. something that gives a decent account of physics from the early Egyptian...
I've put a bunch of effort on this forum into discussing what I consider one of the most important issues facing the US and mankind in general: where to get/how to use energy. I'd like to discuss the history of and projections for future energy use. Here's an article with some charts...
This was just a guess? How does the history of these games and systems really go, first there was Atari, for that system the most popular games were Pong, and Frogger. (Lesser popular games were Paper Boy, and E.T.)
Then there was Nintendo correct? , for Nintendo the most well known games were...
Hi guys
I own several history books, but none covering history before the 2nd century AD. Well, that's not true, I have Low's abridgement of Gibbon's Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, but nobody reads that to learn history, they only read it for Gibbon's writting. Any recommendations...
Since there are several people here who intently follow the developements of LQG, I was wondering if someone could give some overview to help understand the 'historical path' of research on this topic better. What methods were developed, which died off, what was learned, where they are going...
please see this English text ...The Earth’s magnetic field has reversed a number of times in its history. Before the poles actually flip, the magnetic field weakens and the magnetic poles drift away from “true” north and south.
>>>magnetic poles drift away from “true” north and south...
Is the time period of a second on Earth today the same as it was millions of years ago or even when the universe began? If not would that change how one perceives the timeline of Earth's history?
I love these shows. I know turbo doesn't have cable, so doesn't get them, so thought he might like the free video online.
http://www.history.com/video.do?name=LockNLoad
Tell me this Warriors guy doesn't make you think of Russ_Watters.
http://www.history.com/video.do?name=warriors...
Does anyone know of any books on the history of quantum mechanics? I'd ideally like an in depth coverage of the experimental results and theoretical developments, with references to original papers. A complete treatment of non-relativistic quantum mechanics (from pre-Planck to Dirac) would be...
The gradient, divergence, curl and Laplacian operators are so much a part of classical electromagnetism, I was wondering: what is their history? Who invented them? Newton? Laplace? Maxwell himself?
Hi,
I'm at the tail end of writing an essay about the Stern-Gerlach experiment and I am wondering if anyone knows of any reliable sources that discuss the historical context of the Taylor-Phipps version of the Stern-Gerlach experiment using hydrogen.
All of the sources that I find use the...
I'm interested in if anyone here knows any general principles of how mathematical equations are developed, and turned into something useful? For example, Newton's equations were extremely useful for Physics. The same is true about many equations in other disciplines. Any helpful information...
History Channel' Universe Series -- What went wrong?
I loved watching History Channels Universe Series but as of late it appears to be on the level of a moron. Why they dumb it down to this extreme? I'm insulted and stopped watching it. Can you guys help me complain send them email so they...
On 21st of October 1805, history was made when Admiral Lord Nelson defeated Napoleon Bonaparte in the Battle of Trafalgar.
http://www.bukisa.com/articles/178724_the-battle-of-trafalgar"
In physics there has been a sequence of three theories of motion, each superseding its predecessor: Newtonian dynamics, SR and GR. Insights from GR cast the predecessors in new light. With the new insights the predecessors can be reframed in such a way that the transitions between them become...
This is really sad news.
The home of the lancaster bombers are abt to close down. Forever.
"Woodford Aerodrome, the home of the Lancaster bomber, is to be closed by BAE Systems,
ending 85 years of aerospace history and prompting more than 1,000 job losses at Europe’s largest defence...
1. The present universe is observed to be flat. Was it always flat, before it started its accelerated expansion?
2. Is the Riemann tensor zero for this flat universe? Is its geometry that of special relativity?
I'd appreciate if Marcus or Ich or any other science advisor weighed in on...