History (from Greek ἱστορία, historia, meaning "inquiry; knowledge acquired by investigation") is the scientific study of the past. Events occurring before the invention of writing systems are considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term that relates to past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of information about these events. Historians place the past in context using historical sources such as written documents, oral accounts, ecological markers, and material objects including art and artifacts.History also includes the academic discipline which uses narrative to describe, examine, question, and analyze a sequence of past events, and investigate the patterns of cause and effect that are related to them. Historians seek to understand and represent the past through narratives. They often debate which narrative best explains an event, as well as the significance of different causes and effects. Historians also debate the nature of history and its usefulness by discussing the study of the discipline as an end in itself and as a way of providing "perspective" on the problems of the present.Stories common to a particular culture, but not supported by external sources (such as the tales surrounding King Arthur), are usually classified as cultural heritage or legends. History differs from myth in that it is supported by evidence. However, ancient influences have helped spawn variant interpretations of the nature of history which have evolved over the centuries and continue to change today. The modern study of history is wide-ranging, and includes the study of specific regions and the study of certain topical or thematic elements of historical investigation. History is often taught as part of primary and secondary education, and the academic study of history is a major discipline in university studies.
Herodotus, a 5th-century BC Greek historian is often considered (within the Western tradition) to be the "father of history", although he has also been called the "father of lies". Along with his contemporary Thucydides, he helped form the foundations for the modern study of human history. Their works continue to be read today, and the gap between the culture-focused Herodotus and the military-focused Thucydides remains a point of contention or approach in modern historical writing. In East Asia, a state chronicle, the Spring and Autumn Annals, was known to be compiled from as early as 722 BC although only 2nd-century BC texts have survived.
I was thinking about the signals Mankind has sent out from Earth greeting other races out there. Is it reasonable to think that even if some being received the signals (data) they would have no idea about locating Earth because it would be in somewhere else in the Galaxy/Universe by then?
So...
What's wrong with this article on Stonehenge history?
http://fortune.com/2018/06/21/stonehenge-builders-used-pythagoras-theorem-centuries-before-birth-experts/
The choice of the North Pole being up on a map is arbitrary as far as I know.
Is it that way because publishing cartographers came mostly from the northern hemisphere? Is there some reason related to navigation (like Polaris being over the north pole) that might motivate even a southern...
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2018/06/07/the-u-s-just-had-its-warmest-may-in-history-blowing-past-1934-dust-bowl-record/
This was interesting. I recall it being very humid too!
Greetings to such good forum!
I cannot abandon the Science despite of all my attempts... :D So recently I have started discussion with one Scientifist, on the another forum. The topic of discussion was a role of Mass-Energy-Speed of light formula in development of Nuclear Weapon. I have stated...
This thread is a split-off of this post:
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/do-macro-objects-get-entangled.946927/page-2#post-5997089
So my issue is this: if, for convenience, we use a Copenhagen interpretation, and we measure an observable WF ##\alpha |A \rangle + \beta |B \rangle##, then...
How come atom was proven to exist just because the electron was discovered in 1874, atom was like a fad of truth on early 1800s right, where atom was pictured at that time like a small brick of ball and nothing else (no electrons, neutrons, protons, parts, etc) and on that year also, chemistry...
Hello!
Hawking has written, that the physical mechanics and the time before the big bang singularity cannot be measured, as time in this big bang singularity has been bent indefinitly and therefore has just started with the big bang.
Questions:
1. Does Hawking mean, there has not been any time...
I was surfing the net to get some ideas involving the Kerr electro-optic effect and noticed this Wikipedia external link.
It's page two from Television History - The First 75 Years. It has some cool old articles and pictures like these (images can be made larger in your browser):
Just...
mod: approved
HexSim Life History Simulation Modeling Platform - free to download. Landscape ecology, anyone?
After >10 years of development, the HexSim life history simulator is ready for use by students and researchers.HexSim is a free, versatile, multi-species, life history simulator ideal...
I am in search of one or more books that describe the progress in the field of physics (especially during the 18th 19th and 20th century) not only by mentioning the names of lead scientists and the abstract of their work but also have some deeper insights if possible (some math too) last but not...
A story which is frequently to be found on the Internet is the story recounted by the American mathematician Leonard Eugene Dickson to Hadamard: Dickson's mother Tracy (née Tracy ) and his sister spent an entire evening unsuccessfully trying to solve a geometry problem. During the night the...
I was just wondering if there was any proof that the medieval period had more conflicts like wars etc. but with less (peace) negotiation between parties than now?
Thanks so much!
I was watching documentary "David Attenborough's Natural History Museum Alive" where he hides behind the exhibit of some small humanoid skeleton
What the heck is this skeleton of? I tried searching it on google but could not find any info.
i failed to find the history of RA [right ascension] and why the vernal equinox was picked as the starting point on the web or in the forums here. does anyone know the origins of RA? picking a solstice or equinox is obvious but why the vernal? maybe because spring in the northern hemisphere...
Hi. I am reading some history of physics and I have come to the radiation of the black body. After obtaining the correct spectral law, Planck stated that he was concerned not to be able to deduce it from basic physical laws. A friend said that Planck attempted to deduce from Maxwell's equations...
Hello
I have a bunch of issues with the various interpretations of quantum physics. I'd like to dig into it but most textbooks on the topic just throw in your face a bunch of equations and tell you "that's the way it works"
Intead, I'm looking for a detailed history of the experiments that led...
Hi there, my name is Isaac, and I am interested in metrology, math history, mathematical astronomy and their relationships found in the study of ancient texts ( Ephemeris, omen texts, procedural texts, etc ), mainly cuneiform and some pre-cuneiform
I have no formal training in mathematics, am a...
Hello
I would like to know more about the history of the discovery of the isotopes, what there was before, and the short term impact on the chemistry and nuclear physics. Is this topic discussed in any book/review?
Thank you for your time.
Regards,
ORF
Hi, All! This is Gayathri, I am a Student Counselor and Blogger. I am Kerala. I like to read Books, write Blogs and listen to songs. I made my presence particularly to Ask my Doubts if any and Guide students with my Suggestions.
I am looking for a good book in English about the human history of food since ancient times. Perhaps at least 10000 years since.
I would like to cover geological differences in the biological needs. (Like how Eskimos manage macronutrients from fish). The book should throw light on meal times...
As I understand Aristotle believed that gravity was caused by certain objects trying to find the centre of the universe which was of course at the centre of the Earth.
Newton gave us a better theory of gravity, but there were heliocentric philosophers before Newton. Not just Copernicus , Galileo...
Hello, lovely people. I was wondering if anyone knows what kind of battery Marty Cooper used for the very first cell (mobile) phone call in 1973? I know that by the 80s they were using Nickel-Cadmium batteries but I don't know about that first one.
Thanks in advance,
Kathy
I'm thinking about buying the following books: "the elegant universe", "welcome to the universe" and "a brief history of time". Do you aprove or should I buy some other books, and if so which books?
I would like to read a book, the chapter of a book or a website article (preferably comprehensive) on the history of the concept of a module and the development of the theory of modules in mathematics ...
Can anyone help with some good references ...
Peter
Does anyone know of a book or web page that gives a history of the concept of a module and the history of modules in algebra ...
i have not not been able to find a book that covers the history of modules nor a website ...
Help will be appreciated...
Peter
Homework Statement
Number 6:
For this problem I'm changing the wave speed to 3.0 m/s instead of 1 m/s because that's what our teacher instructed us to do.
Homework Equations
None that I know of
The Attempt at a Solution
I'm having the hardest time making connections between the graphs and...
Hey, I was wondering if any of you smart people could help explain in a very simple way (if possible) how the first FM transmitter and receiver worked?
I know, for example, that many current transmitters use a voltage variable conductor to change the frequency of the wave. Did Armstrong do...
Hi, I am researching the early history of electricity and I would love some help.
So, in the very early 1900s (like 1906) there were several items created that were diodes (crystals, Fleming valve, electrolytic detector). As far as I understand, people would use these diodes to convert the AC...
Hi there,
My name is Kathy and I am writing a book about the history of electrical discoveries. I am writing the book for adults who have limited (or no) science backgrounds with a lot of personal details (like Bose who liked to give electric kisses to attractive women, or Alexander Bell's...
I realized that I know nothing about the history of physics!
Does anyone have any good recommendations on this topic?
For example I'd like to have a clear timetable in my head about what was discovered at what time? by who? what were the methods/thoughts that went into it and what did the rest...
I'm interested in the knowledge that was available to aircraft engineers in the period 1900-1920. specifically the thermodynamics and mechanical engineering knowledge generally available, like in how much detail were the calculations on the performance, or the cooling of engines done, how...
I'm testing a part for fatigue, and I got a time series of Forces and Moments on three different parts of the body (A wind turbine hub). From the static structural fatigue analysis, I noticed that you need a von mises stress input - that's not a problem.
My problem is, how do I place different...
I was reading an 1803 paper by Thomas Young (of double slit fame), "Experiments and Calculations relative to physical Optics". In it, he lists various dimensions of fringes of light and things.
All without any error bars.
It got me thinking, what's the history of error bars in scientific...
Archeology and evolution of QCD
https://arxiv.org/abs/1610.07466
a ""few of the points which...illustrate well the QCD evolution (in time), both from a scientific and a sociological point of view.'
I felt much of that energy expressed in that paper because as an undergrad and grad student, I...
This paper offers a Nobel laureate perspective on the history, status and future of GR in the astrophysical regime - https://arxiv.org/abs/1609.09781, General Relativity and Cosmology: Unsolved Questions and Future Directions.
That a quantum detector responds to classical light precisely according to Einstein's formulas for the photoeffect was already shown briefly in 1926 (the year the Schroedinger equation was born) by Wentzel, and was described in full detail in 1964 (when the development of the laser strongly...
Greetings, my name is Jamie. I'm a web developer in Maryland, working for a community college. I've been interested in science my entire life, and love learning new things. I graduated HS in 1995, and have managed to forget just about everything I learned about math, so it unfortunately limits...
The following are, at the top, photos of certain artifacts repatriated from a western museum to Iran, originally excavated from Jiroft, Iran. They are said to date from the 3rd millennium BC.
Essentially identical objects are found dating to 12,000 BC at Gobekli Tepe, Turkey, 3rd millennium BC...
I was wondering if anyone knows of good self study books to help me in school. I am going to be a sophomore next year and trying to be extremely prepared.
Here are the classes:
Chemistry Honors
World History AP
Algebra 2 Honors
European History AP
English 2 Honors
Spanish 3 Honors
Thanks...
I'm looking for an entertaining book on the history of physics and math. I just want it to read for fun. A book that I really enjoyed (really, really) was Entanglement by Amir Aczel. It highlighted how everyone worked together, how they fought, etc.
Any suggestions?
I thought this may be interesting, the decades old search for Dark Mater.
arXiv:1605.04909 [pdf, other]
A History of Dark Matter
Gianfranco Bertone, Dan Hooper
Comments: 86 pages, 8 figures
Subjects: Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO); Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)...
Recently I had a thread in PF and also participate in another one and somehow time after time the discussion touches on a few important points that deal with both history, politics and also a lot of stereotypical thinking about the world both how it's now and the way it was in history.
We live...
Is there a way of coding a website such that the URL not sticks in history of the user afterwards? It is possible in iOS. This is a part of the trick that we are using, since nobody would want a website that is not shown in history without going in incognito mode.
It's strange how Wolram and I are thinking about similar things at the same time :-)
I wanted to ask if you are interested in history and how much do you know about it? Do you think knowing history can help us understand what is happening now? Is it important to know it or is it just a hobby...