What is Independent: Definition and 743 Discussions

The Independent is a British online newspaper that was established in 1986 as a national morning printed paper. Nicknamed the Indy, it began as a broadsheet and changed to tabloid format in 2003. The last printed edition was published on Saturday 26 March 2016, leaving only the online edition.It tends to take a pro-market stance on economic issues. The newspaper was controlled by Tony O'Reilly's Irish Independent News & Media from 1997 until it was sold to the Russian oligarch and former KGB Officer Alexander Lebedev in 2010. In 2017, a Saudi Arabian investor bought a 30% stake in it.In June 2015, the newspaper had an average daily circulation of just below 58,000, 85% down from its 1990 peak, while the Sunday edition had a circulation of just over 97,000. The daily edition was named National Newspaper of the Year at the 2004 British Press Awards. The website and mobile app have a combined monthly reach of 22,939,000.

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  1. P

    Linear Algebra - independent vectors spanning R^3

    Homework Statement Suppose that S={u,v,w} is a basis of R3. a) Is {u-v,u+v} linearly independent? Why or why not? b) Does {u+v,u-v} span R3? Why or why not? Homework Equations na The Attempt at a Solution a) Because we know that u,v,w are linearly independent and span R3...
  2. H

    Independent random varables with common expectation and variance

    Homework Statement Suppose X1 , X2 , . . . , Xn are independent random variables, with common expectation μ and variance σ^2 . Let Sn = X1 + X2 + · · · + Xn . Find the variance of Sn. The attempt at a solution Expected value: E[S_n] = n E[X_i] = n\mu \hspace{10 cm} (1)...
  3. M

    Confusion on Independent Current Source and Independent Voltage Source

    Homework Statement Given the this circuit calculate the voltage through the 3amp source? attached is a jpeg of the circuit. I wasn't able to get a good score on this one question quiz since this boggled me. Is true if I put current source that it will dictate the current of the battery...
  4. S

    Find a counterexample for a false statment about independent events.

    "Construct a sample space to show that the truth of this statement P(A\bigcapB\bigcapC)=P(A)*P(B)*P(C) is not enough for the events A,B,C to be mutually independent. Hint: Try finite sample spaces with equally likely simple events." So, my though is that I need to find a sample space with...
  5. K

    Prove that α+β is linearly independent.

    Homework Statement Let F be a subset of the complex numbers. Let V be a vector space over F, and suppose α, β and γ are linearly independent vectors in V. Prove that (α+β), (β+γ) and (γ+α) are linearly independent. Homework Equations None. The Attempt at a Solution None. Thanks for your time.
  6. 1

    Independent branch of Mathematics?

    I have done well in undergraduate mathematics, and would like to do some self study in something more advanced and stimulating. I am interested in concepts such as number theory and set theory, or any type of mathematics that can be used to study systems of information, behavior...anything...
  7. S

    Decide if specified elements are linearly independent, span V, and form a basis

    Homework Statement "In each of the given cases, decide whether the specified elements of the given vector space V (i) are linearly independent, (ii) span V, and (iii) form a basis. Show all reasoning. V is the space of all infinite sequences (a0, a1, a2, ...) of real numbers v1 =...
  8. rcgldr

    Show PE to KE change in closed system is independent of initial velocity

    Because of the kinetic energy and frames of reference thread: https://www.physicsforums.com/showthread.php?t=534883 I was wondering how to show that a change from potential to kinetic energy in a closed system is independent of the (inertial) frame of reference. I think the math below...
  9. A

    If X and Y are independent, are X^k and Y?

    The definition of independence of random variables from a measure-theoretic standpoint is so confusing (independence of generated sigma-algebras, etc.) that I cannot answer this seemingly simple question...So if X,Y are independent random variables, does that mean X,X^2,X^3,X^4,\ldots and...
  10. I_am_learning

    Gender Independent Salutation in English

    I need to publish a list of a committee members. Is there any better way of preceding each persons name by Mr/Ms ? Like 1. Mr/Ms Rajendra Adhikari ---- Chairman 2. Mr/Ms Ramkumar kafle ----- Vice-Chairman . . etc. I am searching for single word replacement for Mr/Ms if there is any?
  11. L

    Proving two events are independent given that one has a probability of 1

    Show that an event A is independent of every event B if P(A)=0 or P(A)=1. **I was able to prove the first part of this problem that is that the events are independent when P(A)=0. However I am stuck on the part where P(A)=1. I have this so far: P(A n B) = P(A)P(B/A) =...
  12. T

    Probability: Independent vs. Dependent events

    Homework Statement 2. Let a random experiment be the cast one “six-sided” die and one “four-sided” die. (a) Give an example of two independent events and justify your answer. (b) Give an example of two dependent events from this sample space and justify your answer. Homework Equations...
  13. C

    Infinite Well Problem - Time Independent Schrodinger's Equation

    I'm currently taking a Semiconductor class and we're talking about Schrodinger's Wave Equation, specifically the 1 dimensional time independent form. We were looking at the infinite potential well model: And we divided the graph into 3 different regions: first being the left (or...
  14. P

    Independent components of the curvature tenso

    A formula I know for the number of functionally independent components of the curvature tensor is: (n^2)(n^2 -1)/12. It gives 1 for n=2, 6 for n=2, 20 for n=4. However, for a metric space (with symmetric metric), the curvature tensor is completely specified by the metric tensor. For n=4...
  15. C

    Comparing Independent Random Flips: Normal vs. Binomial Distribution

    Which of the following is more likely to be generated using independent random flips? Explain. Pls help! Thanks!
  16. jaumzaum

    Independent Circuits: Impact of T Closure

    What will happen to the following circuits immediately after T is closed? Obs: A) 2 generators of voltage 3V and V, 2 resistors of resistance R and 2R B) 2 generators of voltage 3V and V (second inverted), 2 resistors of resistance R and 2R C) 1 generator of voltage 3V, 1 capacitor...
  17. S

    Independent equations of maxwell equations

    Maxwell equations are 8. we need them to determine electric and magnetic field. the component of magnetic and electric field are 6. in linear algebra say for solving a system of equation with n free variable, we need n equations to solving it uniquely. here arises a question and that...
  18. F

    Sampling distribution of a difference between two independent sample proportions

    My apologies that this doesn't fit the template. Example 10-3 on...
  19. D

    Non-linearly independent eigenvectors

    Homework Statement Let B = 1 0 6 -1 Be a square matrix. Find a non-singular matrix P such that P-1BP = D, where D is a diagonal matrix and show that P-1BP = D. Homework Equations det(lambdaI - A) = 0 The Attempt at a Solution Ok, this might look like a simple...
  20. S

    Proof Regarding Functions of Independent Random Variables

    Homework Statement Let X and Y be independent random variables. Prove that g(X) and h(Y) are also independent where g and h are functions. Homework Equations I did some research and somehow stumbled upon how E(XY) = E(X)E(Y) is important in the proof. f(x,y) = f(x)f(y) F(x,y) =...
  21. K

    How to solve ODE for independent function

    Hello, I need to solve numerically an equation of the form v(t) = k1*z(t)*w(t)-k2*i(t)-k3*di(t)/dt The issue is that rungekutta methods are useful for solving di(t)/dt = 1/k3 * [ k1*z(t)*w(t)-k2*i(t)-k3*-v(t) ] but I need to solve for v(t) What I did was: v...
  22. T

    Independent Study, What Should I Study?

    I have the chance to do an independent study on CS this semester, and I'm here for suggestions. Since it's only high school, and the teacher has no CS knowledge, I can get away with studying anything from learning a library and making a small project with it to working on my hobby kernel. The...
  23. N

    Young's double slit experiment - Independent and dependant variables?

    Homework Statement Hey everyone, I am doing youngs double slit experiment to find the wavelength of a light source but i am having a lot of trouble finding the independent and dependent variables. Can people suggest what they could be? Thanks. Also, some controlled variables would be...
  24. D

    Showing that the euler lagrange equations are coordinate independent

    so i know for example that d/dt (∂L/∂x*i) = ∂L/∂xi for cartesian coordinates, where xi is the ith coordinate in Rn and x*i is the derivative of the ith coordinate xi with respect to time. L represents the lagrangian. so using an arbitrary change of coordinates, qi = qi(x1, x2, ..., xn) i...
  25. W

    News Independent, the more mature choice?

    Do you think Independents are the more mature choice? I mean I don't know of an 18 year old who is independent. Or doubt there are many young people in the Independent camp. Further, they don't seem to be clouded by any closed ideas or principles nor too open to overwhelming change. They seem...
  26. N

    Determining whether sets of matrices in a vectorspace are linearly independent?

    Given matrices in a vectorspace, how do you go about determining if they are independent or not? Since elements in a given vectorspace (like matrices) are vector elements of the space, I think we'd solve this the same way as we've solved for vectors in R1 -- c1u1 + c2u2 + c3u3 = 0. But I'm...
  27. G

    Treating phi and phi-dagger as independent

    In treating the complex scalar field in QFT, \phi and \phi^\dagger are treated as independent variables. I'd like to make sure I understand what this actually means: Is this the same idea as treating \phi and \partial \phi as independent variables in the Lagrangian? Formally, we view the...
  28. C

    Is group mean and overall mean independent?

    In an ANOVA experiment, you have, group mean \overline{y}. overall mean \overline{y}.. Are they independent? Some samples overlap to calculate these means. What is var(\overline{y}.-\overline{y}..) ?
  29. J

    Help an Independent Game Developer Solve a Problem!

    Hi, I'm an independent game developer (currently in college) and have been trying to solve a problem and get an equation for use within my physics engine. Homework Statement Here's the problem/situation illustrated through two graphs and a diagram: http://i.imgur.com/qHAsU.jpg Homework...
  30. D

    Is body to body gravity scale independent?

    I'm working on a gravity simulator and I can't help but feel that I've done something wrong. Extremely large bodies take a longer time to fall into each other than smaller ones. Is this right? Like for example, if you had to bodies of solar mass at 1 AU apart, would it take a longer, shorter or...
  31. S

    Disjoint vs. Independent Events: What's the Difference?

    What is the difference between disjoint and independent events, how will the 2 affect calculations involving them?
  32. M

    Finding values of t for which the set is linearly independent

    hey i have the set s = {(t,1,1),(1,t,1),(1,1,t)} and i want to find for which values of t this set is linearly independent. For a set of vectors containing all numbers i setup c1v1 + c2v2 .. +cnvn = 0 and I need the only solution to be c1=c2=c3..=cn=0 for linear independence. so then put...
  33. B

    System of ODEs independent solutions

    Homework Statement so I'm trying to find the general solution of this problem: \mathbf {x'} = \begin{bmatrix} 2 & 0\\0 & 2\end{bmatrix}\mathbf{x} Homework Equations det(A- rI) = 0 The Attempt at a Solution det(A - rI) = det \begin{bmatrix} 2-r & 0 \\ 0 & 2-r \end{bmatrix} =...
  34. H

    Why escape velocity is independent of angle of projection

    can someone explain physically why escape velocity is independent of angle of projection.
  35. A

    Solving First-Order Linear Equation with Reversed Roles

    Hi, I have a differential equation that I just can't seem to solve. Now here's the deal: I'm sure there are advanced methods that would easily solve this equation, but the equation is in the chapter on First-Oder Linear Equations, so it shouldn't be anything fancy. There's even a hint: it...
  36. R

    Prove that coefficient of friction is independent of mass?

    Homework Statement Prove mathematically that the coefficient of friction is independent of the mass of a rider at a fixed location from the center on a merry go round. Homework Equations F = ma? The Attempt at a Solution I honestly don't know - I can't find two starting equations...
  37. N

    Independent virtual particle after mind experiment annihilation

    Independent virtual particle after "mind experiment" annihilation Hello good people, Probably a bit of a silly question, but I have been entertaining a bit of a thought experiment about the following. Consider the following: 1. A virtual photon is exchanged between two electrons to...
  38. S

    News When did Canada become fully independent?

    First there was the French province of Québec which was conquered by the British in 1763. Later came the loyalists from those rebellious colonies to the south who settled in what would become the province of Ontario. This was the beginning of Canada. In 1867 the British North America Act gave...
  39. G

    MATLAB MATLAB help finding a set of linearly independent vectors

    If I'm given a set of vectors {-4; 3; -10} = v1 {2; -2; -3+k} = v2 {2; -6; 14} = v3 I want to find that they are linearly independent if and only if k != something to solve this is simple but a huge tedious pain (although not nearly as tedious as trying to find a solution to this...
  40. F

    This function fails the conservative test, yet it is path independent?

    Homework Statement Show that the line integral is path independent and evaluate the integral \int_C tan(y) dx + x sec^2 (y) dy The Attempt at a Solution \frac{\partial }{\partial x}(tan(y)) = 0 \neq 2xsec^2(y)tan(y) = x\frac{\partial }{\partial y}(sec^2(y))
  41. Q

    What is the pdf of the sample maximum?

    Homework Statement Consider independent random variables X1, X2, X3, and X4 having pdf: fx(x) = 2x over the interval (0,1) Give the pdf of the sample maximum V = max{X1,X2,X3,X4}. The Attempt at a Solution I can't find ANYTHING about how to solve this in the book, please help!
  42. 4

    Discrete Fourier Transform: How does independent varialbe spacing change?

    Hey guys, I was imagining that I have a sine function: y = sin(x) where x represents a distance in meters for instance. Now let us say that I sample the function at x = 0,1,2,3...,10 (meters) producing a list of values: {sin(1), sin(2), sin(3),...,sin(10)} = {0.000, 0.841, 0.909, 0.141...
  43. P

    Why is this NOT a solution to the time independent Schrodinger equation.

    Homework Statement Given a set of solutions |psi_n> to the TISE show that a) |Capital-psi>=Sum(C_n|psi_n>) is not a solution to the TISE Homework Equations ***H|psi_n>=E_n|psi_n> The Attempt at a Solution I don't really know where to start, I plugged |psi_n> into *** and I am...
  44. M

    Time Independent Schrödinger equation.

    Pardon my ignorance but why does the Time Independent Schrödinger equation use Time? It uses a kinetic energy operator. Kinetic energy; "It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity." Velocity is; "The scalar absolute value...
  45. B

    Show that the electron's state remains a solution of time independent schrodinger

    Homework Statement a)an electron in a hydrogen atom satisfies the time independent schrodinger equation with energy E0 in zero magnetic field, and its state possesses quantum numbers n, l and m.show that the electron's state remains a solution of time independent schrodinger equation when...
  46. O

    Sum of Identically Distributed Independent Random Variables

    Homework Statement The random variables X1 and X2 are independent and identically distributed with common density fX(x) = e-x for x>0. Determine the distribution function for the random variable Y given by Y = X1 + X2. Homework Equations Not sure. Question is from Ch4 of the book, and...
  47. D

    Learning Physics from A to A<sub>n</sub> through independent study.

    Okay, so I have a fair amount of knowledge in mathematics, through calculus, and I want to study physics independently. I was told that I should start with classical mechanics. Is that right, and if so, where should I go from there. What are good books to learn from. I apologize if this is a...
  48. H

    Independent Subspace: Proving (or Disproving) Linear Independence

    Suppose B = {b1,...,bn} and C={c1,...,cn} both are basis set for space V. D = {d1,...,dn} is basis for space T. If B and D is linearly independent, is C and D always independent too? How can we prove (disprove) it?
  49. P

    Does gravity effect viscosity ?is viscosity independent od gravity ?

    does gravity effect viscosity ? is viscosity independent od gravity ?
  50. K

    Finding reduced chi^2 for independent variable?

    Homework Statement I have a function V = kI where k is some constant I_err = 0.005 A V_err = 0.00005 V A fit was then made, but a problem occurs when I try to calculate the reduced chi^2. Since the error of the dependent variable V is so small, the resultant reduced chi^2 is fairly...
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