What is Picture: Definition and 415 Discussions

COBOL (; an acronym for "common business-oriented language") is a compiled English-like computer programming language designed for business use. It is an imperative, procedural and, since 2002, object-oriented language. COBOL is primarily used in business, finance, and administrative systems for companies and governments. COBOL is still widely used in applications deployed on mainframe computers, such as large-scale batch and transaction processing jobs. However, due to its declining popularity and the retirement of experienced COBOL programmers, programs are being migrated to new platforms, rewritten in modern languages or replaced with software packages. Most programming in COBOL is now purely to maintain existing applications; however, many large financial institutions were still developing new systems in COBOL as late as 2006 due to the mainframe processing speed.COBOL was designed in 1959 by CODASYL and was partly based on the programming language FLOW-MATIC designed by Grace Hopper. It was created as part of a US Department of Defense effort to create a portable programming language for data processing. It was originally seen as a stopgap, but the Department of Defense promptly forced computer manufacturers to provide it, resulting in its widespread adoption. It was standardized in 1968 and has since been revised four times. Expansions include support for structured and object-oriented programming. The current standard is ISO/IEC 1989:2014.COBOL statements have an English-like syntax, which was designed to be self-documenting and highly readable. However, it is verbose and uses over 300 reserved words. In contrast with modern, succinct syntax like y = x;, COBOL has a more English-like syntax (in this case, MOVE x TO y).
COBOL code is split into four divisions (identification, environment, data, and procedure) containing a rigid hierarchy of sections, paragraphs and sentences. Lacking a large standard library, the standard specifies 43 statements, 87 functions and just one class.
Academic computer scientists were generally uninterested in business applications when COBOL was created and were not involved in its design; it was (effectively) designed from the ground up as a computer language for business, with an emphasis on inputs and outputs, whose only data types were numbers and strings of text.
COBOL has been criticized throughout its life for its verbosity, design process, and poor support for structured programming. These weaknesses result in monolithic, verbose (intended to be English-like) programs that are not easily comprehensible.

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  1. S

    How to picture the magnetic vector potental A

    whats a good way to picture the vector potental A in terms of B & like what exactly is A & how does it even exist outside a torus where B & etc =0 for example its easy to see the electric potential uses the electric field E like E*ds & its quite obvious, wheras how does A not even contain...
  2. J

    Calculating Nails: How Many Nails Are in the Picture?

    How many nails are in the picture? How did you arrive at this solution?
  3. M

    Can Someone Explain This Trig Picture to Me?

    Its the attached picture. I'm not seeing why when using the dot product, they start using sin.
  4. J

    Looking for composite picture of Milky-way from outside galaxy

    Hi, I recall some years ago seeing a composite picture of what our galaxy would look like from outside the galaxy, for example from Andromeda but was not able to find one or even how to search for it on the web. I was wondering if anyone here is familiar with it and perhaps even if we've...
  5. J

    Where rest of inner solar system in Cassini picture from Saturn?

    Here's the Cassini image from Saturn. Suppose I map an x-y coordinate system on that picture with the Earth (that pale blue dot down there) at the origin. Without looking at anything else, can you place points at the perimeter of the square picture, giving the angle pointing to where the sun...
  6. X

    Help Needed: Solving KCL Equations with Picture Provided

    Homework Statement Homework Equations KCL The Attempt at a Solution See picture. I got ix=i1. And I am stuck. Would someone please help me? Many thanks in advance.
  7. C

    Did Bohr have a Logical Picture of Wittgenstein?

    "As we all know..." (Uh-Oh...), Bohr and those Wacky Copenhageners were adamantly against trying to form "Pictures" of the emerging Quantum theory. Bohr berated Schrodinger (Who had tuberculosis!) while S was suffering in bed at the Institute, harassing S for hours - "Get rid of the pictures!"...
  8. M

    Fence and rail (3 problems) picture in attachment.

    I honestly don't remember the teacher teaching this but I need help with. I attached image of #8, and #9Only those 2^
  9. T

    What Magnetic Field Would be Generated from this Coil Layout (Picture)

    What sort of field would be generated from this type of coil layout?? This isn't homework, just a general inquiry. (see picture)
  10. M

    Trying to understand the whole picture in my head.

    Homework Statement so.. I'm taking a electrotechnical engeneering at university and now I'm talking a lot about telecomunitactions and i find myself working with Fourier transforms and laplace transforms, and majorly, the e^(jx)... and this last one shakes up my concept of the usual number...
  11. L

    Can SSB Be Visually Understood? Ideas for Intuitive Explanations

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  12. T

    How should I see the CMB picture

    These days have been full of news of the Planck Telescope. The most popular is the actualization of the CMB picture (the ellipse with dots red and blue). I know the idea of it. Each dot represents the "temperature" in some direction (from the earth) in some sort of (θ;ψ) chart -0≤(θ;ψ)≤2\pi ...
  13. Spinnor

    Where is the electron in this picture.

    The path of an electron in a magnetron is shown along with the electric field, see below. Assume the electric field shown is maximum at time t. Without calculation can you argue and approximate where along the electron path is the most likely positions of the electron at time t? Picture in...
  14. Spinnor

    Picture of electro-magnetic vector potential in 1+1 dimension spacetime?

    "Picture" of electro-magnetic vector potential in 1+1 dimension spacetime? I'm trying to model the electro-magnetic vector potential, does the following come close for 1 + 1 dimension spacetime? See sketches below. Consider an elastic string, under tension, between two fixed points A and B...
  15. B

    Camera help - Win7 HomePremiume and picture uploads

    Camera help -- Win7 HomePremiume and picture uploads I have the Canon SD 1000 Camara and Win7 Home Premiume on my Desktop. When I plug the Camara in a windo opens asking me what do I want to do and I click Import Pictures and it works. On my Laptop I am running Win7 HomePremiume the same...
  16. D

    MHB Fixing Picture Placement Below Margin

    This picture is on a blank piece of paper but is rendered 2in below the margin. Why is this happening? I want it to be at the top of page right below the margin. The $z$ node is causing the problem. If I remove the $z$ node, the picture moves back to the top. What can I do about this...
  17. A

    Can the Picture Be Hung in a Stable Equilibrium?

    Homework Statement A (rectangular homogeneous) picture is hung with a nail on the wall from a twine. Neglecting the friction of the twine with the nail and that of the wall with the picture, a.-Could there exist equilibrium in other positions than the one where the picture is hanging...
  18. S

    How to determine volume from a picture?

    Hello, It's my first time here on this forum and if my English is bad, than I at least hope I have chosen the right topic. Well, let me describe my problem: Imagine a .jpg with a balloon. What I have to do is determine a volume of it in the moment before it blows up. So in reality I have a...
  19. G

    Interaction picture and s-matrix

    Consider the S-matrix: <f|U(t,-t)|i> When going into the interaction picture, this becomes: <f_I|U_I(t,-t)|i_I> where the propagator is the interaction picture propagator, and the states are interaction states. Can you say that: <f_I|U_I(t,-t)|i_I>= <f|U_I(t,-t)|i> ? It...
  20. M

    Physics paper, picture analysis

    Homework Statement This isn't really a homework probelm, I'm trying to answer some questions about a picture to use in my final paper for physics. I thought it would be a fun thing to have thrown in there but I can't seem to figure out how to start...
  21. S

    Finding Curl from a vector field picture

    Homework Statement I need to analyze these pictures for my homework and find out the curl of the vector field at the point (red) on the picture. Homework Equations http://i1242.photobucket.com/albums/gg525/sjrrkb/ScreenShot2012-11-26at61615PM.png The Attempt at a Solution basically...
  22. S

    Using Parametrics to Draw a Picture Advice

    Disclaimer: Even though this problem originates from a project I was given in a math class, it doesn't really follow the format of any homework assignment and is really much more about general math question. In my math class I was given a project to draw an image with parametric equations. I...
  23. C

    Heisenberg picture manifests Lorentz invariance?

    In several textbooks of QM I have read that Lorentz invariance is manifest in Heisnberg picture. How can we deduce that?
  24. O

    The picture in the addition, you see one integral equation and I have

    The picture in the addition, you see one integral equation and I have moved forward to solve it but when I tried to use patial integrant ( uv-∫v.du) I couldn't go further, Is there anyone to help me solving that equation.Actually, I stuck while putting the boundries (from 0 to ∞ ) because it...
  25. M

    Picture to make sure my concepts are correct.

    Homework Statement can you judge the diagram I want to make sure i have the forces being exerted in the correct order. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution
  26. P

    Charges in a Line Conceptual Question with picture

    Homework Statement Two balls, one with charge Q1 = +Q and the other with charge Q2 = +2Q, are held fixed at a separation d = 3R as shown. See picture. Another ball with (non-zero) charge Q3 is introduced in between Q1 and Q2 at a distance = R from Q1. See right below first...
  27. T

    Can someone draw a picture of this situation? I can't make sense of it

    The following was given as an intuitive explanation of understanding why a sphere's area is four times the area of the flat circle sharing a perimeter with a greater circle on the sphere. I don't understand spatially how the cylinder and sphere are oriented. Please help. Let Z be a cylinder...
  28. P

    Finding the Electric Field Between Charges [picture]

    Homework Statement 5. There are two charges in space. In which region of the line connecting these two charges can we find a point of zero electric field? Homework Equations None. The Attempt at a Solution I know this isn't even that hard. I was thinking it was somewhere in...
  29. Saladsamurai

    Purchased a Flat Screen TV: Picture Not That Great

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  30. P

    Energy Stored Charge Configuration w/ Picture

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  31. D

    Can self-assembling molecules show us how cells function?

    I'm a biology dilettante who is trying to get a correct picture of the cell. From this web page http://www.arcfn.com/2011/07/cells-are-very-fast-and-crowded-places.html one gets a very chaotic impression. Small molecules are racing around with 250 miles per hour. Ken Shirrif: "In addition, a...
  32. P

    What causes the angular fringes in laser light pictures?

    I was reading the wikipedia page on laser light, and on a linked article, I saw this image: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Nachal_Brigade_Reconnaissance_Battalion_in_%22Commando%22_Training_%282%29.jpg What is causing those red specks to...
  33. A

    Calculating the points of tangency for two circles given a picture

    I have two circles with the same radius and I want to calculate the points of tangency. For example, in the picture below, I want to calculate (x3,y3) and (x4,y4). I have the radius and the distance between the two circles as shown below:
  34. marcus

    Explosion picture: most common mistake

    The single most common obstacle to understanding cosmology is probably the picture of expansion as an explosion outwards into empty space from some central point. It's a mistaken picture instilled in the public mind by popular media channels and reinforced by time-honored slang: the misleading...
  35. K

    Schrödinger and Heisenberg picture

    Im sorry, I accidently edited my opening post instead of posting a new one.. The question was regarding the statement that the state ket is stationary in the Heisenberg picture when the basis kets are transforming in time. Because the state ket is a superposition of the base kets it should the...
  36. H

    Finding an angle with Picture

    Homework Statement Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution So angle 1 was giving and through that they found angle 2. I need help on how they found angle 2. The dark red arrow is a vector. This is a physics problem asking for something else but I got stuck here lol. Homework Statement...
  37. V

    Column picture for representing a system of equations

    I've been dabbling with linear algebra lately and on the MIT OCW course for linear algebra, the professor talks about a column representation of a system of linear equations. For example, you teaches you to represent a 2x + 3y = 4 5x + 7y = 9 as a x [\stackrel{2}{5}] + y...
  38. 2

    How do i do this? With picture

    Homework Statement LOOK AT NUMBER 1. Homework Equations The Attempt at a Solution Dont know where to begin...
  39. R

    Struggling to Include a .jpg Picture in my Report

    Homework Statement I want to include a .jpg picture in my report and got struck here form two days. I tried in the following way and i included all headers like graphicxs so on. Homework Equations \par \begin{figure}[h] \centering...
  40. nomadreid

    Where do learned reactions fit in the picture of the brain?

    That is, conscious decisions are said to be regulated by the prefrontal cortex, whereas inherited reactions (fear of snakes, etc.) are more regulated by the hypothalamus and the amygdala. (Yes, I am aware that this is something of a simplification, but this is valid enough for my question, I...
  41. zonde

    Heisenberg Picture: Popularity & Photon Double-Slit Treatment

    I would like to find out how popular is Heisenberg picture. Is there someone who finds Heisenberg picture useful? And as well - are there any ideas how photon double-slit should be treated in Heisenberg picture?
  42. W

    Explore the Two-Torus T²: A Visual Guide and Explanation

    Hi, I can't find any picture of a two-torus T² in the net after much searching. Does anyone have a link or can draw what it looks like? Thanks.
  43. amylase

    What does it mean and how to convert picture to spatial frequency

    (This may sound like home work but it's not) What does it mean to display a picture in its frequency domain? A solid square box becomes a star shape? SHORT VERSION As title thanks. Firstly, what does it mean to show a picture in its frequency domain? and secondly, how do you do it...
  44. F

    Picture of the 2 lines on a platinum iridium bar

    Hello all, The standard meter was said to be the distance between two scratches on a platinum iridium bar. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metre Where are these scratches? I only see the bar.
  45. W

    Forces in equilibrium. Tension, ring, pulley and lots of string [With Picture]

    Homework Statement To make it easier on the people who will try to help me, I've scanned the problem: We are interested in finding the following variables: Angles a and c The tension between A and B (TAB) Homework Equations The pulley is a "perfect pulley" no friction The system...
  46. D

    Dynamics in the heizenberg picture

    Hello, The time-derivative of an operator A(t) = U^\dagger a(t)U in the heizenberg picture is given by: \frac{dA(t)}{dt} = \frac{i}{\hbar} [H,A(t)] + U^\dagger(\frac{da(t)}{dt})U Now, I know that under some conditions, we can write: \frac{dA(t)}{dt} = \frac{i}{\hbar} U^\dagger[H,a(t)]U +...
  47. E

    Bigger Picture: Exploring Metaphors to Understand What is Beyond the Obvious

    This idea is based on the metaphor: Line->Paragraph->Book->Bookshelf->Library It is an idea that several small things make up something bigger. From just the metaphor above what could it be used to represent. For me I have: (1) 1D->2D->3D->4D->5D? (2) Visual->measurement->observed...
  48. L

    Conservation of linear momentum applied to rotating systems? (with picture)

    Homework Statement I've encountered problems like this: A bullet with velocity v strikes a stick (intially at rest) at a distance d from the center of mass, then the bullet sticks to it, and the bullet-stick system rotates about the center of mass. But they ask me to find weird things like the...
  49. A

    Consider the equilibrium situation on the picture attached. The wire

    Consider the equilibrium situation on the picture attached. The wire supports a rod attached to an axle in the wall and the mass is suspended at about half the length from the point where the where the wire is attached (the exact position is unimportant for my point). We neglect friction from...
  50. L

    How does a mathematican picture what he's working on?

    In mathematics, what the expert sees and does with an image is not what the novice sees, even with the same diagrams. What the teacher sees is not what the students see. What one student sees is not what their neighbor sees. All of these differences impact our classroom work with diagrams and...
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