What is Positive: Definition and 983 Discussions

Positive liberty is the possession of the capacity to act upon one's free will, as opposed to negative liberty, which is freedom from external restraint on one's actions. A concept of positive liberty may also include freedom from internal constraints.The concepts of structure and agency are central to the concept of positive liberty because in order to be free, a person should be free from inhibitions of the social structure in carrying out their free will. Structurally, classism, sexism, ageism, ableism and racism can inhibit a person's freedom. As positive liberty is primarily concerned with the possession of sociological agency, it is enhanced by the ability of citizens to participate in government and have their voices, interests, and concerns recognized and acted upon.
Isaiah Berlin's essay "Two Concepts of Liberty" (1958) is typically acknowledged as the first to explicitly draw the distinction between positive and negative liberty.

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  1. S

    I Positive energy density of the universe

    There is a Baez essay about the vaccum energy density, where he says: So did they do what I might naively think of doing, namely just plotting the redshift data over a few years? Or is it a more subtle method that directly measures the time derivative of the expansion? And if I understand...
  2. S

    Which wingtip will be positive when airplane flies?

    Homework Statement When an aircraft flies from east to west its wings are electrical conductor cutting across the Earth magnetic flux. a. In northern hemisphere, which wingtip will become positively charged? b. Why will this wingtip be negative when in southern hemisphere? Homework Equations...
  3. M

    MHB Show that the tridiagonal matrix is positive definite

    Hey! :o We have the tridiagonal matrix $A=\begin{pmatrix}2 & 1 & \ldots & 0 \\ 1 & 2 & 1 & \ldots \\ \ldots & \ldots & \ldots & \ldots \\ 0 & \ldots & 1 & 2\end{pmatrix}$. I want to show that it is positive definite. For that it is given the following hint: 1) $\langle x, Ax\rangle \geq 0$...
  4. FallenApple

    Why is money related to positive health

    Beyond the obvious i.e resources to buy basic health care etc. The wealth health correlation was observed across the entire income spectrum, even after basic necessities are met. What is the cause of this?
  5. H

    MHB Why is ln(k) a Complex Number When k is a Positive Integer?

    Why ln(k) when k is a possitive integer, ln(k) is a complex number?
  6. YMMMA

    Magnetic force direction on a positive and negative charges

    Homework Statement The question askes about the path of the electron. I need to know if I am doing it correctly whether it was asked for a proton or an electron. Homework Equations F=QV⊥Bsinθ The Attempt at a Solution I answered it C. Because it is an electron, I used my left hand. My thumb...
  7. R

    No positive ℚ = a s.t a*a*a = 2

    Homework Statement Prove that there is no positive ℚ = a s.t a*a*a= 2 Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution If a = j/k a is in lowest form then one of j or k is odd. (j^3/k^3) = 2 = j^3=2k^3 letting k^3 = z, j^3 = 2z so j is even because an even number squared is even, thus an even...
  8. Mr Davis 97

    I Whether root should be positive or negative

    I'm trying to find ##\sin (\arccos x)##. I let ##\theta = \arccos x## and then use ##\sin ^2 \theta + \cos ^2 \theta = 1##, I get ##\sin (\arccos x) = \pm \sqrt{1 - x^2}##. I'm not sure whether to take the positive or negative root. On Wolfram Alpha is shows that the result is the positive root...
  9. F

    Find the charge on the positive circular plate

    Homework Statement Homework Equations Q = C ΔV C = ##\frac{ε A}{d}## The Attempt at a Solution A = π R2 Q = (π R2*ε V)/d Is my answer correct ?
  10. C

    MHB Find Limit of $\sqrt{x}$ as $x\to c$, $c\ge 0$

    Dear Everybody, I am having trouble to determine the value of delta when c is strictly greater than 0. Here is the work: The Problem: Find the Limit or prove that the limit DNE. $\lim_{{x}\to{c}}\sqrt{x} for c\ge0$ Proof: Case I: if c>0. Let $\varepsilon>0$ Then there exists $\delta>0$...
  11. D

    Calculus II: Convergence of Series with Positive Terms

    Homework Statement https://imgur.com/DUdOYjE The problem (#58) and its solution are posted above. Homework Equations I understand that I can approach this two different ways. The first way being the way shown in the solution, and the second way, which my professor suggested, being a Direct...
  12. Euge

    MHB POTW: Evaluate Integral for Positive Integer n

    Here is this week's POTW: ----- If $n$ is a positive integer, evaluate $$\int_{0}^\infty \frac{dx}{1 + x^n}$$ ----- Remember to read the http://www.mathhelpboards.com/showthread.php?772-Problem-of-the-Week-%28POTW%29-Procedure-and-Guidelines to find out how to...
  13. Gene Naden

    Positive and negative plane wave solutions of Dirac equation

    I continue to be occupied with the first chapter of Lessons on Particle Physics by Luis Anchordoqui and Francis Halzen. The link is https://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/0906/0906.1271v2.pdf. I am on page 24, where they derive equations 1.5.67, which are: ##(\gamma^\mu p_\mu-m)u(p)=0## and...
  14. Mr Davis 97

    Proving that a sequence is always positive given two constraining relations

    Homework Statement Given that ##t_1 = 1## and ##\displaystyle t_{n+1} = \frac{t_n^2 + 2}{2t_n}## for ##n \ge 1##. Show that ##t_n > 0## for all ##n##. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution Intuitively this is obvious. Since ##t_1## is positive, so is ##t_2##, and so on. But I am having...
  15. A

    Why is the Anode of an LED Connected to Positive?

    So, I'm new to electronics and I started to build some circuits with LEDs. I read up on how LEDs work and how they consist of a doped semiconductor material etc. But when I actually went to wire the LED in, it said the anode should be connected to the positive terminal of the power source. I'm...
  16. brioches

    A positive charge of magnitude Q1 = 8.5 nC is located....

    Homework Statement A positive charge of magnitude Q1 = 8.5 nC is located at the origin. A negative charge Q2 = -8.5 nC is located on the positive x-axis at x = 16.5 cm from the origin. The point P is located y = 7.5 cm above charge Q2. Calculate the x-component of the electric field at point P...
  17. foldedelephants

    Why does antagonising D2 receptors reduce positive schizophrenic symptoms?

    The title should say: why does antagonising D2 receptors reduce positive schizophrenic symptoms? It doesn't make sense to me. If positive schizophrenic symptoms are caused by too much dopamine signalling in the mesolimbic system, and D2 receptors hyperpolarise the post synaptic neuron when...
  18. S

    Potential difference in between positive and negative charge

    Homework Statement Two point charges Q1= +5.00 nC and Q2 = -3.00 nC are separated by 35.0cm. What is the electric potential at a point midway between the charges? Homework Equations V = Ke(q/r), PE = Vq[/B] The Attempt at a Solution This question is from Serway textbook. The answer is...
  19. Arman777

    I Friedmann Equation - Positive Curvature

    Friedmann Equation without the cosmological constant can be written as; $$H^2=\frac {8πρG} {3}-\frac {1} {a^2(t)}$$ for ##Ω>1## (which in this case we get a positive curvature universe), and for a matter dominant universe; $$ρ=\frac {1} {a^3(t)}$$ so in the simplest form the Friedmann equation...
  20. M

    Work done by the system, positive or negative?

    My chemistry course says that work done by the system is negative, but physics course says that work done by the system is positive, I'm sure I'm missing something and I really need to understand it. Thanks.
  21. bananabandana

    I Negative and Positive energy modes of KG equation

    If we have the normal KG scalar field expansion: $$ \hat{\phi}(x^{\mu}) = \int \frac{d^{3}p}{(2\pi)^{3}\omega(\mathbf{p})} \big( \hat{a}(p)e^{-ip_{\mu}x^{\mu}}+\hat{a}^{\dagger}(p)e^{ip_{\mu}x^{\mu}} \big) $$ With ## \omega(\mathbf{p}) = \sqrt{|\mathbf{p}^{2}|+m^{2}}## Then why do we associate...
  22. axer

    Work Done by Gravity - Positive or Negative

    Homework Statement Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I first said it's B, since force throws up = positive. gravity down= also positive, please help asap thanks
  23. anemone

    MHB Positive Values of $a$, $b$, $c$, and $d$ for Log Inequality

    Determine the positive values of $a,\,b,\,c$ and $d$ such that $\log_{d+3} (a + 3)>\log_{c+2} (d + 2)>\log_{b+1} (c + 1) >\log_a (b)$.
  24. A

    Finding the final speed of a Positive and Negative Charge

    Homework Statement This is an example problem I found on khan academy and it didn't have an official problem statement... So I am going to have to make up my own problem statement from what was given. I can link the video if any of you want to see it. A positive charge 4uC and a negative...
  25. Eclair_de_XII

    How to convert an alternating sum into a positive sum?

    Homework Statement "Given that ##FS f(x)=\frac{L^2}{3}+(\frac{2L}{\pi})^2⋅\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^n}{n^2}cos(\frac{n\pi}{L}x)##, prove that ##\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{(-1)^n}{n^2}=\frac{\pi^2}{12}## and ##\sum_{n=1}^\infty \frac{1}{n^2}=\frac{\pi^2}{6}##. Homework Equations ##FS f(x) =...
  26. Allen_Wolf

    B Exploring the Possibility of Negative Mass: Implications and Limitations

    If we imagine two particles A and B. A has positive mass and B has negative mass and initial velocity 0. This happens in a non interfering environment . If both theses has opposite and equal value of mass, shouldn't they be repelling each other? F=G. (M.-m)/r^2. Value of F should be negative.
  27. astrocytosis

    Radial force on charged particle in beam of positive ions

    Homework Statement Many experiments in physics call for a beam of charged particles. The stability and “optics” of charged-particle beams are influenced by the electric and magnetic forces that the individual charged particles in the beam exert on one another. Consider a beam of positively...
  28. TristanJones

    Entropy - show positive net entropy change....

    Homework Statement Two systems that have the same heat capacity Cv but different initial temperatures T1 and T2 (with T2 > T1) are placed in thermal contact with each other for a brief time, so that some heat flows but the temperature of neither system changes appreciably. Show that there is a...
  29. W

    I Positive Charge Magnetic Fields: Real World Examples

    As a SP phenomena I thought this may be the best sub to post this. We understand how current creates a magnetic field, and almost all forms of current are really electron flow. My question is - are there any known (real world) examples of positive particle flow, creating a magnetic field...
  30. F

    How a positive Feedback Amplifier works?

    In a positive feedback amplifier, as I understand, output of the amplifier is fed back into the input of amplifier, essentially creating a loop. My question is specifically, how the loop does not go in an infinite cycles ? what prevents it from going into an infinite loop ? How many cycles...
  31. A

    Net force acting on positive charge

    Homework Statement Homework Equations F= (k*q*Q)/r^2 The Attempt at a Solution The answer key gives the answer as D. I thought it was C. If the net electric force acting on P is zero, doesn't that mean that the force between Q1 and P and the force between Q2 and P need to cancel each other...
  32. S

    Chemistry Determining the positive and negative poles of a molecule

    Homework Statement For the molecule CHCl3, a) Draw the electron dot diagram and structural formula b) predict the shape c) predict whether it is polar or non-polar, and justify your prediction. Indicate the positive and negative poles. Homework Equations none The Attempt at a Solution [/B]...
  33. starstruck_

    Why is the force and acceleration positive?

    Hi! So someone came up to me with this question during physics and its been bothering me because I didn't know what to say to them and I didn't know if my understanding is correct or not. The question was something like: " A 72 kg car is traveling at v=63km an hour when it gets into a...
  34. A

    Positive or negative final velocity? Constant acceleration

    Homework Statement A car is moving with a constant velocity of 18 m/s for 5 seconds, if in the next 5 seconds it travels a distance of 40 m, what is its final velocity? Homework Equations Δx= vit+ 1/2 at^2 vf= vi+at vf^2 = vi^2 + 2a (Δx) The Attempt at a Solution So I tried doing it different...
  35. lfdahl

    MHB Determine all prime numbers p such that the total number of positive divisors of A=p^2+1007 (including 1 and A) is less than 7 .

    Determine all prime numbers $p$ such that the total number of positive divisors of $A = p^2 + 1007$ (including $1$ and $A$) is less than $7$.
  36. D

    Electric field of a positive plate

    Homework Statement There is a large positively charged plate whose charge density is ##\sigma = 2.0 × 10^{-5}\frac{C}{m^2}##. What is the electric field at a point P, that is not enclosed between the plates. Homework Equations For an infinite sheet: $$\vec E = \frac{\sigma}{2\varepsilon_0}\hat...
  37. Albert1

    MHB Find positive integers x,y,z in 1/x+1/y=7/8(x,y∈N)

    $(1)$ $\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{7}{8}(x,y\in N)$ $find$: $x,y$ $(2)$ $\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{6}{12}(x,y\in N)$ $find$: $x,y$ $(3)$ $\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac {1}{z}=\dfrac{6}{24}(x,y,z\in N)$ $find$: $x,y,z$
  38. lfdahl

    MHB A finite number of positive integer solutions 1/x+1/y=p/q

    Given a rational number, $\frac{p}{q}$, show that there are only a finite number of positive integer solutions to the equation: $$\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}=\frac{p}{q}$$
  39. M

    Negative vs Positive work on an escalator

    Homework Statement You are in a large store that has escalators connecting its floors. The stairs of each escalator move smoothly and steady either uphill or downhill as they carry passengers between floors. You get off the "up" escalator on the second floor and board the "down" escalator. This...
  40. S

    Which directions should be set to positive? Impulse/momentum

    Homework Statement In a physics lab, 0.30 kg puck A, moving at 5.0 m/s [W], undergoes a collision with 0.40 kg puck B, which is initially at rest. Puck A moves off at 4.2 m/s [W 30 degrees N]. Find the final velocity of puck B. Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution One thing I haven't...
  41. K

    Negative derivative instead of positive

    Homework Statement Homework Equations Differential of a product: $$d(uv)=u\cdot dv+v\cdot du$$ The Attempt at a Solution $$dV=\pi \left[ -\frac{1}{x}x^2+2x\left(-\frac{x}{3} \right) \right]dx=-\pi x^2dx$$ If dx>0 dV<0, it's wrong, the volume increases
  42. E

    Attraction of a positive and negative charge

    No one could ever explain to me the mechanism how attraction of positive and negative charge works. Can you? (Exchange of (virtual) photons only explains repulsion.) An electrical field is playing hide and seek.
  43. G

    A positive charge Q is located at the origin....

    <Moderator's note: Moved from a technical forum and therefore no template.> Hi, I've been doing this excersice but I'm not quite sure about my answer It says: A positive charge Q is located at the origin of a three-dimensional coordinate system. Consider and imaginary square surface of side...
  44. X

    When is acceleration positive or negative?

    Homework Statement In this problem, the solution says that aB= -(aA/6). But from what I know, acceleration is positive whenever an object is speeding up in the positive direction or when an object is slowing down in the negative direction. According to the problem, car B is slowing down and...
  45. mfb

    A Find positive integer solutions to a/(b+c)+b/(a+c)+c/(a+b)=4

    What an innocently looking equation. If we allow negative integers, a=4, b=-1, c=11 is a solution. Do some tricks with divisibility? Solve for a? Brute force with the computer?It won't help. There are solutions, but the smallest solution has 80 digits. What happens if we replace 4 by other...
  46. B

    Why do experts refer to proton current as positive electricity?

    As an electronic engineering graduate, I was taught that positive electricity was the flow of "holes" created by the absence of electrons. These holes and the vector movement are modeled as the "positive" flow of electricity. Why then do I hear experts refer to proton current as positive...
  47. Telemachus

    I How do I know if a matrix is positive definite?

    Hi. I have a real tridiagonal symmetric matrix that comes from the discretization of a partial differential equation. The elements are given by: ##A_{i,j}=-\delta_{i-1,j}\kappa_{i-1/2,l}\frac{\Delta t}{h^2}+\delta_{i,j}\left[\frac{2}{c}+\frac{\Delta t}{2}\mu_{i,j}+\frac{\Delta...
  48. Math Amateur

    I The Set of Positive Integers - a Copy of the Natural Numbers

    I am reading Ethan D. Bloch's book: The Real Numbers and Real Analysis ... I am currently focused on Chapter 1: Construction of the Real Numbers ... I need help/clarification with an aspect of Theorem 1.3.7 ... Theorem 1.3.7 and the start of the proof reads as follows: n the above proof we...
  49. Math Amateur

    MHB The Set of Positive Integers as a Copy of the Natural Numbers ....

    I am reading Ethan D. Bloch's book: The Real Numbers and Real Analysis ... I am currently focused on Chapter 1: Construction of the Real Numbers ... I need help/clarification with an aspect of Theorem 1.3.7 ... Theorem 1.3.7 and the start of the proof reads as...
  50. lfdahl

    MHB Set of 2015 Consecutive Positive Ints with 15 Primes

    Is there a set of $2015$ consecutive positive integers containing exactly $15$ prime numbers?
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