What is Positive: Definition and 983 Discussions

Positive liberty is the possession of the capacity to act upon one's free will, as opposed to negative liberty, which is freedom from external restraint on one's actions. A concept of positive liberty may also include freedom from internal constraints.The concepts of structure and agency are central to the concept of positive liberty because in order to be free, a person should be free from inhibitions of the social structure in carrying out their free will. Structurally, classism, sexism, ageism, ableism and racism can inhibit a person's freedom. As positive liberty is primarily concerned with the possession of sociological agency, it is enhanced by the ability of citizens to participate in government and have their voices, interests, and concerns recognized and acted upon.
Isaiah Berlin's essay "Two Concepts of Liberty" (1958) is typically acknowledged as the first to explicitly draw the distinction between positive and negative liberty.

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  1. anemone

    MHB Inequality of positive real numbers

    If $x$ and $y$ are positive real numbers, prove that $4x^4+4y^3+5x^2+y+1\ge 12xy$.
  2. anemone

    MHB Inequality with positive real numbers a and b

    Let $a$ and $b$ be positive real numbers such that $a+b=1$. Prove that $a^ab^b+a^bb^a\le 1$.
  3. anemone

    MHB Proving the Uniqueness of Positive Solution of $x(x+1)(x+2)\cdots(x+2020)-1=0$

    Show that the equation $x(x+1)(x+2)\cdots(x+2020)-1=0$ has exactly one positive solution $x_0$ and prove that this solution $x_0$ satisfies $\dfrac{1}{2020!+10}<x_0<\dfrac{1}{2020!+6}$.
  4. asd852

    How do we determine whether circuit element is negative or positive?

  5. anemone

    MHB Prove that the sum of 6 positive integers is a composite number

    Let $a,\,b,\,c,\,d,\,e,\,f$ be positive integers and $S=a+b+c+d+e+f$. Suppose that the number $S$ divides $abc+def$ and $ab+bc+ca-de-ef-df$, prove that $S$ is composite.
  6. anemone

    MHB Positive Integers: Evaluate $a+b+c$

    $a,\,b$ and $c$ are positive integers that satisfy the inequality $ab+3b+2c>a^2+b^2+c^2+3$. Evaluate $a+b+c$.
  7. D

    I What are all the positive integers that satisfy this equation?

    X^3 + y^2 - z = z^3 - x^2 + y what are all the positive integers for x,y, z that satisfy this equation?
  8. M

    Three positive point charges are located on a line (Coulomb's Law)

    I need some help resolving the follow problem. I really don't know where to put the "twice as large as the resultant force on Q3" in order to build an equation. Thank you !
  9. S

    Prove that if a is even & b is any positive integer, then ab is even

    Proof: Let a be a even positive integer of the form a=2m & b of the form b=2n (This is where b is a even positive integer) ab = 2m*2n = 2(mn) = Let k = mn = 2k Therefore, ab is even. Let a be a even positive integer a=2m & b be a odd positive integer b = 2n+1 ab = (2m)*(2n+1)...
  10. T

    Positive displacement pump for spray nozzles

    Hi all, I have a positive displacement (diaphragm) pump that I am looking to use to supply spray nozzles. The pump has a max pressure rating of 69 bar at 30.6 L/min (1450 rpm). I however want my nozzles to spray at 15 bar pressure and from the nozzle performance data sheet that equates to 0.68...
  11. T

    A Accelerated Hubble expansion -- Is the second derivative positive?

    Since distances increase, their first derivative which is velocity (Hubble constant) should be positive if not increasing too. Accelerated expansion needs the velocity to increase. What about the third derivative which is acceleration? An accelerated universe could have third derivative (called...
  12. K

    Tips for Staying Positive During Difficult Times

  13. LCSphysicist

    Basis and positive basis

    I think we can say that (u,v,u^v) is a positive basis, so as (w^v,v,w) and (u,w^u,w). (1) So u^v = βw v^w = γu w^u = λv where λ, β, and γ > 0 (*) (u^v, v^w,w^u) = (βw,γu,λv) \begin{vmatrix} 0 & 0 & β \\ γ & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & λ & 0 \\ \end{vmatrix} This determinant is positive by (*) What you...
  14. anemone

    MHB Expressing First 1000 Positive Integers as Floor Functions

    How many of the first 1000 positive integers can be expressed in the form $\lfloor 2x \rfloor+\lfloor 4x \rfloor+\lfloor 6x \rfloor+\lfloor 8x \rfloor$, where $x$ is a real number?
  15. anemone

    MHB What are the possible integers for which a given expression is an integer?

    Determine all possible integers $n$ for which $\dfrac{n^2+1}{\lfloor{\sqrt{n}}\rfloor^2+2}$ is an integer.
  16. gonadas91

    A Positive polarity of a retarded Green's function's imaginary part

    Hi all! I am currently working on a problem that involves calculation of Green functions. I am having serious doubts on some part of the calculation, as I am getting a GF that has positive values of its imaginary part. According to Lehman's rule, the retarded GF can be decomposed by the spectrum...
  17. I

    A Predicting the positive parity and zero spin of the Higgs boson?

    Can we predict the positive parity, and zero spin of the Higgs boson from the decay mode: 𝐻 → 𝛾𝛾?
  18. M

    MHB Such a decomposition exists iff A is positive definite

    Hey! 😊 Let $A=L^TDL$ be the Cholesky decomposition of a symmetric matrix, at which the left upper triangular $L$ hat only $1$ on the diagonal and $D$ is a diagonal matrix with positiv elements on the diagonal. I want to show that such a decomposition exists if and only if $A$ is positive...
  19. Physics lover

    No. of positive integral solutions of fractional functions

    I know how to find integral solutions of linear equations like x+y=C or x+y+z=C where C is a constant. But I don't have any idea how to solve these type of questions.I am only able to predict that both x and y will be greater than 243554.Please help.
  20. karush

    MHB S8.3.7.4. The sum of two positive numbers is 16.

    3.7.4. The sum of two positive numbers is 16. What is the smallest possible value of the sum of their squares? $x+y=16\implies y=16-x$ Then $x^2+(16-x)^2=2 x^2 - 32x + 256$ So far ... Hopefully
  21. pinball1970

    Positive effects from Corona (yes positive)

    Not another Corona thread surely?...yes but this time it's something positive we can take forward, when it's over. Several posters @Tom O [USER=283516]@davenn and others have made reference to reduced seismic activity due to lock down. That's great for Earth sciences and reduction in RTAs but...
  22. L

    I Derived metrics on surfaces of positive curvature

    Start with a closed surface of positive Gauss curvature embedded smoothly in ##R^3##. At each point, choose two independent eigenvectors of the shape operator whose lengths are the corresponding principal curvatures. By declaring them to be orthonormal one gets - I think - a new metric on the...
  23. BWV

    COVID >47% false positive rate on COVID-19 test?

    interesting: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32133832?fbclid=IwAR3KtTRFTp9eb0aA-8ThVONEMGeGhecOnjMJtIblbClp8ufahx71HOFSWdg Objective: As the prevention and control of COVID-19continues to advance, the active nucleic acid test screening in the close contacts of the patients has been...
  24. T

    I The existence of negative gravitational plus positive inertial mass?

    The term “negative mass” gets puts forth occasionally, and it’s definitions can sometimes be unclear. the topic I’m interested in is particles which have both positive inertial mass and negative gravitational mass. So far, what theories do physicists have of speculating on the existence of...
  25. Saptarshi Sarkar

    Negative or Positive Partial Derivative

    My attempt I calculated the partial derivatives of n wrt P and T. They are given below. ##\frac {\partial n}{\partial P} = \frac{nb -1}{\left(2an-Pb-3abn^2-kT\right )}## ##\frac {\partial n}{\partial T}= \frac {nk}{\left(2an-Pb-3abn^2-kT \right ) }## I know that if the partial derivative is...
  26. karush

    MHB What are the factors of -48 that result in a positive sum?

    ok I don't don't know de jure on this so ... is it just plug and play?? find factors of -48 $-1(48)=-48$ $-2(24)=-48$ $-3(16)=-48$ $-4(12)=-48$ $-6(8)=-48$ check sums for positive number $-1+48=47$ $-2+24=22$ $-3+16=13$ $-4+12=8$ $-6+8=2$it looks like c. 5
  27. T

    In electrostatics, what is meant by positive charges?

    I am needing clarification for a concept. I understand that electrons carry a negative charge and that protons carry a positive charge. I also understand that a plastic rod picks up electrons when I rub it with a piece of wool. From the conservation of charge, the piece of wool must have a...
  28. A

    Solving Cross Section Confusion: Adding Positive and Negative Ions

    ik that i have to add the positive and negative ions but the cross section (surface) confuses me how do i resolve this?
  29. Adesh

    Why the work done is coming out to be positive?

    In textbooks or in lectures it is said that : Work can be either positive or negative: if the force has a component in the same direction as the displacement of the object, the force is doing positive work. If the force has a component in the direction opposite to the displacement, the force...
  30. W

    B Positive Energy Theorem Explained in Layman Terms

    Can anyone explain what the positive energy theorem is layman terms ?
  31. nmsurobert

    Potential difference: positive or negative?

    I am working out an example problem from one of my textbooks and I am a bit confused on why a value is negative. The problem asks: Calculate the final speed of a free electron accelerated from rest through a potential difference of 100 V. This is a conservation of energy problem. Ultimately you...
  32. P

    Why is the wedge force positive?

    As per (b) in the above image, or easily solved with t=rFsin(theta), the perpendicular force is 260N. When inputting that value into the equation for torque, the value for torque is 520Nm, as per t=2.00*300*sin60. Because the wedge prevents the door from moving, the torque on/at the doorknob...
  33. O

    Continuously positive static charged vessel?

    Summary: Seeking ideas how to create a positively static charged open end container to attract negatively static charged plastic items. Hi, I have got a first world problem that I'm trying to overcome. We have a small home based business and sometimes pack a few hundred items at a time using...
  34. A

    MHB F(x)=ab^{x} where b must be a positive real number

    Quote: "In mathematics, an exponential function is a function of the form f(x)=ab^{x} where b is a POSITIVE REAL number" Wait. Give me a reason, why exponent base must be positive and real? What happens if b<0?
  35. Kaushik

    Negative potential energy vs Positive potential energy

    What is the physical difference between negative potential energy and positive potential energy? PS- When I was reading about surface tension I came through the following line - ' The molecules at bulk inside the fluid has lesser negative potential energy than those on the surface.' In this...
  36. F

    A Exploring the Existence of Baryons with Positive Strangeness

    Hi all, I read on "Intoduction to Elementary Particle Physics" (A. Bettini) that baryons with positive strangeness cannot exist. I don't know what to conclude from this sentence: sigma-baryons have negative strangeness, since there's a sigma as valence quark. But these baryons have, of course...
  37. S

    Electric field due to two positive charges

    I am having trouble solving the following problem. I am given two positive charges on the x axis: I know that the electric field strength at point P is ##E=150 \frac{V}{m}##, ##d=1.8m## and ##a=2.5m##. I want to find the charge of ##Q##. As far as I know, the electric field on the y-axis...
  38. Anjum S Khan

    Can positive charge move between charged bodies like electrons do?

    Suppose , there is a body B1(-vely charged) and body B2(+vely charged). When both are on contact, electrons move from B1 to B2 as B2 is having electron deficit. But is reverse also possible that protons move from B2 to B1 as B1 is having proton deficit.
  39. A

    What are some ways net positive muon catalyzed fusion can be realized?

    Minute physics made an interesting video for laymen describing the feasibility of muon catalyzed fusion, specifically stating that the current state of technology would lead to an endothermic process. I was wondering if it would be possible to use muons in different fusion configurations, for...
  40. Wrichik Basu

    Antivirus false positive on ransomware and keylogger for MikTex & TexStudio?

    I decided to set up ##\LaTeX## in my PC, windows 7, 32 bit. The pc has a legal version of QuickHeal Internet Security antivirus. I downloaded TexStudio and MikTex. When I started installing TexStudio, QuickHeal said that the installer file was a potential keylogger, and put it into quarantine...
  41. S

    Positive derivative implies growing function using Bolzano-Weierstrass

    I'm stuck on a proof involving the Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem. Consider the following statement: $$f'(x)>0 \ \text{on} \ [a,b] \implies \forall x_1,x_2\in[a,b], \ f(x_1)<f(x_2) \ \text{for} \ x_1<x_2 $$ i.e. a positive derivative over an interval implies that the function is growing over the...
  42. lfdahl

    MHB A positive integer divisible by 2019 the sum of whose decimal digits is 2019.

    Prove the existence of a positive integer divisible by $2019$ the sum of whose decimal digits is $2019$.Source: Nordic Math. Contest
  43. Mr Davis 97

    Finding 5 Positive Integers with GCD Difference

    Homework Statement Do five positive integers exist such that the positive difference between any two is the greatest common divisor of those two numbers? Homework EquationsThe Attempt at a Solution I found four such numbers, ##\{6,8,9,12\}##. I did this in an ad hoc way though without any real...
  44. J

    Who defined the positive direction of the magnetic field?

    This is about the history of electromagnetism. I already know about the convention that defined which electric charge is the "positive" one, which ended up making the electron a negative particle. But what about the "positive" direction of the magnetic field? Does anybody here know how it was...
  45. R

    Prove that a set of positive rational numbers is countable

    Homework Statement Prove that the set of positive rational numbers is is countable by showing that the function K is a 1-1 correspondence between the set of positive rational numbers and the set of positive integers if K(m/n) = p_1^{2a_1}p_2^{2a_2}...p_s^{2a_s}q_1^{2b_1-1}...q_t^{2b_t-1}...
  46. D

    How do you know when k in Hooke's law is positive or negativ

    Homework Statement A 7.2-kg mass is hanging from the ceiling of an elevator by a spring of spring constant 150N/m whose unstretched length is 80 cm. What is the overall length of the spring when the elevator: (a) starts moving upward with acceleration 0.95m/s2 ; (b) moves upward at a steady...
  47. opus

    B Vector addition- Positive x axis.

    Please see the attached page to see what I'm talking about. In the top right paragraph, it states to use "the positive direction of the x-axis". It is given that ##θ_2=30°## and it shown visually at the bottom of the page. In the problem it's using -60° and I'm not sure how they're getting that.
  48. Davephaelon

    I Particle track resolution of the positive lambda particle

    The positive lambda has a quark composition udc, and a lifespan of 2 x 10 minus 13 seconds. When this particle is created in a collision, inside a modern detector, how long will its track be? At near the speed of light, its lifetime would allow it to traverse less than a tenth of a millimeter...
  49. A

    B Positive curvature of a 2D surface

    If considering a 2D surface (plane) having polar coordinate r,θ (where r is the distance from the origin and θ is the anticlockwise angle from the base line as usual) The metric is now actually ds2=dr2+r2dθ2 If now this 2D surface is given a positive curvature of +1 (equivalent to the surface of...
  50. R

    Is a^2 Always Positive for a Real Number a?

    Homework Statement If a is a real number, then a^2 is positive Homework Equations The book gives me two propositions: 1- if a,b are positive, so are the product ab and the sum a+b 2- if a is a real number, then either a is positive, a = 0, or -a is positive, and these possibilities are...
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