Receptor activator of nuclear factor κ B (RANK), also known as TRANCE receptor or TNFRSF11A, is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) molecular sub-family. RANK is the receptor for RANK-Ligand (RANKL) and part of the RANK/RANKL/OPG signaling pathway that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation. It is associated with bone remodeling and repair, immune cell function, lymph node development, thermal regulation, and mammary gland development. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a decoy receptor for RANKL, and regulates the stimulation of the RANK signaling pathway by competing for RANKL. The cytoplasmic domain of RANK binds TRAFs 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 which transmit signals to downstream targets such as NF-κB and JNK.
RANK is constitutively expressed in skeletal muscle, thymus, liver, colon, small intestine, adrenal gland, osteoclast, mammary gland epithelial cells, prostate, vascular cell, and pancreas. Most commonly, activation of NF-κB is mediated by RANKL, but over-expression of RANK alone is sufficient to activate the NF-κB pathway.RANKL (receptor activator for nuclear factor κ B ligand) is found on the surface of stromal cells, osteoblasts, and T cells. Mutations affecting RANK have been associated with infantile malignant osteopetrosis in humans, mice and cats.
How would you rank ECE MASc Program @ U. of Waterloo
---------------------------------------------------------
Hello, every body.
I might currently receive an offer letter from U. of Waterloo for MASc-ECE Program. I understand the evaluation of a graduate program is quite often tough...
GA Tech
Berkeley
UCSD
UT Austin
UCLA
Rose-Hulman.
So far I've been admitted to Rose-Hulman and GA Tech. I am still waiting to hear from the rest. I am seriously considering GA Tech at this point. Area is important and that is why I'm ruling out Rose-Hulman at this point. Berkeley is...
I've already handed in my (I can only assume) incorrect solution, but I just felt like posting, though I'm not sure if anyone will be able to help.
I have a rank-2 covariant tensor, T sub i,j. This can be written in the form of t sub i,j + alpha*metric tensor*T super k, sub k (I hope my...
by Fuller, Robert W
I was wondering if anybody had come across this book by that physicist. It is the same guy that wrote a text I am sure a few of you are pretty familiar with and one that I have found useful as well:
MATHEMATICS OF CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM PHYSICS by Byron, Frederick...
How can I prove whether or not d4x is a 0th rank tensor? It seems strange that I should be so when it is the product of a 0th, 1st, 2nd and 3rd component, dx0dx1dx2dx3. I heard that the proof involves the Jacobian. I don't get it.