- #1
Hornbein
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I boil water to sterilize it, then add granulated sugar. Sometimes the sugar partially fails to dissolve, even though sitting in very hot cooling water for an hour or so. It forms a sort of goo instead. ?
Every year I make another 1-gallon batch of a very concentrated solution of sugar. I then add a touch of red dye and put it in the frig labelled "jet fuel". It's purpose is to sustain a local humming bird population for the season.Hornbein said:I boil water to sterilize it, then add granulated sugar. Sometimes the sugar partially fails to dissolve, even though sitting in very hot cooling water for an hour or so. It forms a sort of goo instead. ?
The maximum amount of sugar that will dissolve in a liter of 20 °C water is 2000 grams. A sugar-water solution that contains 1 liter of water and 2000 grams of sugar is said to be saturated.
.Scott said:Every year I make another 1-gallon batch of a very concentrated solution of sugar. I then add a touch of red dye and put it in the frig labelled "jet fuel". It's purpose is to sustain a local humming bird population for the season.
There are two purposes:JT Smith said:Why add red dye?
It is actually very close, as least per.Scott said:I would definitely take that "2000 grams" as accurate to about 1 decimal place.
I saw mention of 211/100 (w/w) in a couple of places ( place1, place2 ), but none with citations.gmax137 said:It is actually very close [to 2000g/liter] ...
Anyway, if your bird food is close to 2 kg sugar per liter of water, it is going to be very sweet and sticky.
High enough sugar concentrations osmotically draw water out of microorganisms. This at least keeps most of them from growing if it doesn't kill them.JT Smith said:And isn't it the case that a highly concentrated sugar solution is less susceptible to the growth of microorganisms?
My concoction may be a over 30%. I put my formula together a couple of decades ago. I kept on raising it until it seemed to be as attractive as possible. I call it "Jet Fuel" because of its high caloric content. I have never tasted it myself, but a visiting Sister-in-Law found it in my basement fridge and thought it was some kind of strawberry Kool-Aid (despite the prominent "Jet-Fuel" label). Apparently she found it satisfying. We should have asked her how she liked it before telling her what it was.JT Smith said:You also probably want to mimic the concentration of nectar found naturally by the birds. There is a wide variation but the average is around 30%. For some reason the most common solution recipe, 1:4 volumetric, produces a concentration of around 17%. Why so much lower than nature? Maybe they'd actually like it even more concentrated. How hard would it be to offer them some water next to the sugar feeder?
.Scott said:I would also note that trying to measure the quantity of sugar that can be dissolved in "water at 20 °C" would be a mind-numbing exercise of patience if you did it by never allowing the water temperature to go over 20C.
To avoid sugar turning into an unwanted gooey texture, it's crucial to monitor the temperature closely. For most candy making, boiling sugar should reach the soft ball stage, which is between 234°F and 240°F (112°C to 116°C). Using a candy thermometer to keep track of the temperature is highly recommended.
Sugar can turn gooey if it's not heated evenly or if it's cooked at too low a temperature for too long. This can cause partial caramelization and result in a thick, sticky mass instead of a smooth syrup or a firm candy. Ensuring even heat and accurate temperature control can prevent this issue.
To prevent crystallization when boiling sugar, make sure to avoid stirring the sugar once it has started to boil. Additionally, you can brush down the sides of the pan with a wet pastry brush to dissolve any sugar crystals that form on the sides. Adding a small amount of acid, such as lemon juice or cream of tartar, can also help break down the sugar crystals.
If your sugar mixture starts turning gooey, first assess the temperature to ensure it's not too low. Increase the heat if necessary, making sure it doesn’t burn. If the mixture is too thick, adding a small amount of water can sometimes help to dissolve the gooey clumps and allow the mixture to heat more evenly.
Refined white sugar typically yields the most consistent results when boiling for candy making due to its purity and fine crystals. However, using corn syrup along with granulated sugar can help prevent crystallization and reduce the risk of the mixture turning into goo. Corn syrup interferes with the crystallization process, promoting a smoother texture.