Calculating Capacitance of a Neuron Axon Using Parallel Plate Capacitor Formula

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In summary, An axon is the tail-like part of a neuron with a membrane that acts as a capacitor. Using the formula C = (KE0 A )/ d and assigning values for KE0, A, and d, the capacitance is calculated to be 2350. However, upon further consideration, it is determined that the value for KE0 should be 5 and the formula for permittivity of free space (ε0) is used to calculate the correct capacitance.
  • #1
StudentofPhysics
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An axon is the relatively long tail-like part of a neuron, or nerve cell. The outer surface of the axon membrane (dielectric constant = 5, thickness = 1 10-8 m) is charged positively, and the inner portion is charged negatively. Thus, the membrane is a kind of capacitor. Assuming that an axon can be treated like a parallel plate capacitor with a plate area of 4.7 10-6 m2, what is its capacitance?

I used the formula C = (KE0 A )/ d

and assigned the following:
KE0 = 5
A = 4.7 x 10^-6 m2
d = 1 x 10^-8 m

and came up with:
C= 2350.
this isn't correct though.

What am I doing wrong?
 
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  • #2
ok, on further work, i believe it should just be K=5. i don't know what formual to use to find E though...
 
  • #3
You mean "E0", in your capacitance equation? That's just the permittivity of free space (usually denoted ε with a subscript 0), a constant equal to 8.85x10^(-12) Coulomb^2/(Nm^2).
 
Last edited:
  • #4
i got it know
thank you
 

Related to Calculating Capacitance of a Neuron Axon Using Parallel Plate Capacitor Formula

What is capacitance?

Capacitance is the ability of a material or system to store an electrical charge. It is measured in farads (F) and is determined by the physical characteristics of the material or system, such as its size, shape, and distance between its components.

How is capacitance calculated?

Capacitance is calculated using the following formula: C = εA/d, where C is capacitance in farads, ε is the permittivity of the material between the plates, A is the surface area of the plates, and d is the distance between the plates.

How does the parallel plate capacitor formula relate to neuron axons?

The parallel plate capacitor formula can be applied to neuron axons because the structure of an axon can be approximated to that of a parallel plate capacitor. The lipid bilayer of the axon serves as the dielectric material between the plates, and the axon's cylindrical shape can be considered as two parallel plates with the distance between them being the axon's diameter.

How does capacitance affect the transmission of electrical signals in neurons?

Capacitance plays a crucial role in the transmission of electrical signals in neurons. As the axon membrane is charged, it creates an electric field, and the capacitance of the axon determines how much charge can be stored before the membrane potential reaches a certain threshold, triggering the transmission of an action potential.

What factors can affect the capacitance of a neuron axon?

The capacitance of a neuron axon can be affected by several factors, including the size and shape of the axon, the distance between the axon and other components, the lipid composition of the axon membrane, and the presence of myelin sheaths. Additionally, the capacitance can also be influenced by external factors, such as temperature and ion concentration.

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