Calculation of the hour angle of the Sun

In summary, the conversation discussed the sunrise equation, which states that the hour angle of the sun at sunset is equal to the negative of the hour angle at sunrise. The equation also includes variables such as latitude and solar declination angle. The conversation then raised questions about calculating the change in hour angle and the discrepancy between the difference of sunrise and sunset angles and pi radians. This discrepancy is due to the cyclical nature of solar declination throughout the year.
  • #1
jones123
10
0
Hi all,

According to the sunrise equation, the hour angle of the sun at sunset is:

cos H = -tan(a)tan(d)
where H = the hour angle, a = latitude and d = solar declination angle.

This equation says that H at sunset = -H at sunrise. Now, I have a few questions concerning that:

1) I was wondering how you could calculate the change of the hour angle in between...? So,

dH/dt = d(H at sunset - H at sunrise)/(time of sunset - time or sunrise)...?

2) I was calculating some values and found that, for example,

when the sun rises with at an hour angle of -1.641 radians, it must go down at the angle of +1.641 rad, but if you calculate the difference between both it is not equal to pi (or 180 degrees)? How does that come?

Thanks already!
 
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  • #2
jones123 said:
when the sun rises with at an hour angle of -1.641 radians, it must go down at the angle of +1.641 rad, but if you calculate the difference between both it is not equal to pi (or 180 degrees)? How does that come?
The solar declination will cycle once per year through the seasons. The equinox is when the day and night are of equal length, which is when there will be a Pi radian difference between sunrise and sunset.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunrise_equation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analemma
 
Last edited:

1. What is the hour angle of the Sun?

The hour angle of the Sun is a measure of the angular distance of the Sun from the observer's meridian at a given time. It is used in astronomy to calculate the position of the Sun in the sky.

2. How is the hour angle of the Sun calculated?

The hour angle of the Sun can be calculated using the formula: HA = LST - α, where HA is the hour angle, LST is the local sidereal time, and α is the right ascension of the Sun. LST can be calculated based on the observer's longitude and the current time, while α can be found in astronomical tables.

3. What is the difference between apparent and mean hour angle of the Sun?

The apparent hour angle takes into account the effects of atmospheric refraction on the position of the Sun, while the mean hour angle does not. The apparent hour angle is used for more precise calculations, while the mean hour angle is used for rough estimates.

4. Why is the hour angle of the Sun important?

The hour angle of the Sun is important in determining the position of the Sun in the sky, which is useful for navigation, agriculture, and astronomy. It is also used in the calculation of sunrise and sunset times.

5. How does the hour angle of the Sun vary throughout the day?

The hour angle of the Sun increases steadily from 0° at local noon to 180° at local midnight. After reaching 180°, it decreases back to 0° at the next local noon. This cycle repeats every 24 hours.

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