CBR photon density at equilibrium temperature

In summary, the CBR photon equilibrium temperature is 2.725 K and the CBR photon density at this temperature is given by the equation n_{\gamma} = \frac{2 \zeta(3)}{\pi^2} {\left(\frac{k_B T_{\gamma}}{\hbar c}\right)}^3. This equation was derived by integrating the equation \int_0^\infty \frac{x^2}{e^x - 1} dx = 2 \zeta(3) using the complex variable s = 3 and substituting it into the Riemann zeta function, \zeta(s) = \sum_{n=1}^\infty n^{-s
  • #1
Orion1
973
3

CBR photon equilibrium temperature:
[tex]T_{\gamma} = 2.725 \; \text{K}[/tex]

CBR photon density at equilibrium temperature [tex]T_{\gamma}[/tex]:
[tex]n_{\gamma} = \frac{1}{\pi^2} {\left(\frac{k_B T_{\gamma}}{\hbar c}\right)}^3 \int_0^\infty \frac{x^2}{e^x - 1} dx[/tex]

This is my solution for the integration equation on reference 2.

Integration:
[tex]\int_0^\infty \frac{x^2}{e^x - 1} dx = 2 \sum_{n=1}^\infty n^{-3} = 2 \zeta(3)[/tex]

Complex variable:
[tex] \boxed{s = 3}[/tex]

[tex]\boxed{\int_0^\infty \frac{x^2}{e^x - 1} dx = 2 \zeta(3)}[/tex]

Where [tex]\zeta(s)[/tex] is the Riemann zeta function.

Riemann zeta function:
[tex]\zeta(s) = \sum_{n=1}^\infty n^{-s}[/tex]

The CBR photon density at equilibrium temperature [tex]T_{\gamma}[/tex]:
[tex]\boxed{n_{\gamma} = \frac{2 \zeta(3)}{\pi^2} {\left(\frac{k_B T_{\gamma}}{\hbar c}\right)}^3}[/tex]

[tex]\boxed{n_{\gamma} = 4.105 \cdot 10^{8} \; \frac{\text{photons}}{\text{m}^3}}[/tex]

Are these equations correct?

Reference:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann_zeta_function"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baryogenesis#Baryon_asymmetry_parameter"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background_radiation"
 
Last edited by a moderator:
Astronomy news on Phys.org
  • #2
Last edited by a moderator:

1. What is CBR photon density at equilibrium temperature?

CBR photon density at equilibrium temperature refers to the number of photons per unit volume present in the cosmic microwave background (CBR) radiation at its equilibrium temperature. This temperature is approximately 2.7 Kelvin and is the result of the expansion of the universe since the Big Bang.

2. How is CBR photon density at equilibrium temperature measured?

CBR photon density at equilibrium temperature is measured using specialized instruments, such as telescopes and radiometers, that can detect the microwave radiation emitted by the CBR. These instruments are often placed in space to avoid interference from Earth's atmosphere.

3. Why is CBR photon density at equilibrium temperature important in cosmology?

CBR photon density at equilibrium temperature is important in cosmology because it provides evidence for the Big Bang theory. The CBR is considered to be a remnant of the early stages of the universe and its properties, including its equilibrium temperature, can help scientists understand the evolution of the universe.

4. How does CBR photon density at equilibrium temperature vary across the universe?

CBR photon density at equilibrium temperature is believed to be uniform across the observable universe. However, slight variations in temperature have been observed, known as the cosmic microwave background anisotropy. These variations can provide valuable insights into the structure and evolution of the universe.

5. Can CBR photon density at equilibrium temperature change over time?

The CBR photon density at equilibrium temperature is not expected to change significantly over time. However, as the universe continues to expand, the wavelength of the CBR will increase, causing its temperature to gradually decrease. This is known as the cosmic redshift and is a key piece of evidence for the expansion of the universe.

Similar threads

  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
11
Views
311
Replies
2
Views
4K
Replies
3
Views
1K
  • Classical Physics
Replies
0
Views
148
  • Advanced Physics Homework Help
Replies
4
Views
448
  • High Energy, Nuclear, Particle Physics
Replies
3
Views
881
Replies
5
Views
3K
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
5
Replies
170
Views
4K
Replies
1
Views
942
Back
Top