Fats are composed of long hydrocarbon chains, which are made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms. These chains are non-polar and hydrophobic, meaning they do not mix well with water.
Fats have longer hydrocarbon chains compared to other molecules, such as carbohydrates and proteins. This makes them more energy-dense, with the ability to store more energy per gram.
Fats are essential for our bodies to function properly. They provide energy, help with the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, and play a role in building cell membranes. They also help regulate body temperature and protect organs.
Saturated fats have single bonds between all of the carbon atoms in their hydrocarbon chains, making them solid at room temperature. Unsaturated fats have at least one double bond, causing them to be liquid at room temperature. Unsaturated fats can also be further categorized as monounsaturated or polyunsaturated, depending on the number of double bonds.
Consuming too much saturated and trans fats can increase cholesterol levels in the blood, leading to the buildup of plaque in arteries. This can narrow the arteries and increase the risk of heart disease. However, consuming unsaturated fats, especially polyunsaturated fats, can have a positive effect on heart health.