Deriving the perturbative expansion from Hubbard to Heisenberg

  • #1
hokhani
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TL;DR Summary
I can not go one step further in this expansion.
In the youtube lecture “electron interaction and the Hubbard model” at the time 2:23:00, we have the following self-consistent equation with energy appearing at both sides:
$$(\hat P \hat H_0 \hat P+\hat P \hat H_1 \hat Q (E-\hat Q \hat H_0 \hat Q)^{-1} \hat Q \hat H_1 \hat P) |\phi \rangle_{g.s.} =E |\phi \rangle_{g.s.}$$
Where ##H_0## is the unperturbed Hamiltonian, ##H_1## the perturbation, ##|\phi \rangle_{g.s.}## is the ground state ket of the full Hamiltonian ##(H_0+H_1)##, and ##\hat P (\hat Q)## is the projection operator on the ground (excited) states of ##H_0##.
By defining the effective Hamiltonian as:
$$H_{eff}=(\hat P \hat H_0 \hat P+\hat P \hat H_1 \hat Q (E-\hat Q \hat H_0 \hat Q)^{-1} \hat Q \hat H_1 \hat P)$$
The self-consistent equation is as:
$$H_{eff}|\phi \rangle_{g.s.}=E|\phi \rangle_{g.s.}$$
So, my question:
How does the solution of this effective Hamiltonian, recursively, give the following equation?
$$H_{eff}=\hat P \hat H_0 \hat P+\hat P \hat H_1 \hat Q (E_0-\hat Q \hat H_0 \hat Q)^{-1} \hat Q \hat H_1 \hat P+\hat P \hat H_1 \hat Q (E_0-\hat Q \hat H_0 \hat Q)^{-1} \hat Q \hat H_1 \hat Q (E_0-\hat Q \hat H_0 \hat Q)^{-1} \hat Q \hat H_1 \hat P +$$
Where the first, second and third lines are respectively zero, second and third order terms.

I would be grateful if anyone could please provide any help with that.
 

1. What is the Hubbard model and how does it relate to the Heisenberg model?

The Hubbard model is a theoretical model in condensed matter physics used to describe the behavior of interacting electrons in a lattice. It is often used to study the properties of materials such as metals and insulators. The Heisenberg model, on the other hand, is a simplified version of the Hubbard model that only considers the spin interactions between the electrons. The Hubbard model can be derived from the Heisenberg model by taking the limit of infinite on-site Coulomb interactions.

2. What is the perturbative expansion and how is it used in the derivation?

The perturbative expansion is a mathematical technique used to approximate the solutions of a complex problem by breaking it down into simpler, solvable parts. In the derivation from Hubbard to Heisenberg, the perturbative expansion is used to approximate the on-site Coulomb interactions in the Hubbard model, which allows for a simpler and more manageable model to be studied.

3. How does the perturbative expansion affect the accuracy of the derived Heisenberg model?

The accuracy of the derived Heisenberg model depends on the order of the perturbative expansion used. Higher order expansions will result in a more accurate model, but will also be more computationally intensive. However, in most cases, the first or second order perturbative expansions are sufficient to capture the essential physics of the system.

4. What are the main assumptions made in the derivation from Hubbard to Heisenberg?

The main assumptions made in the derivation are that the on-site Coulomb interactions are much larger than the hopping energies between lattice sites, and that the system is in the limit of low electron density. These assumptions allow for the perturbative expansion to be valid and for the Heisenberg model to accurately describe the system.

5. What are some applications of the derived Heisenberg model?

The Heisenberg model has been used to study a wide range of physical phenomena, including magnetism, superconductivity, and quantum phase transitions. It has also been applied in various fields such as materials science, solid-state physics, and quantum information processing. Additionally, the Heisenberg model has been used to investigate the properties of many different materials, including transition metal oxides, organic conductors, and magnetic nanoparticles.

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