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some astrophysicists may have detected a slight average drift in a population of 700 clusters. I believe the clusters surveyed are relatively close to us, within distances on the order of a billion LY. (We see matter out to about 45 billion LY, so one billion is not anywhere near the horizon of observation.)
Two of the authors involved are Alexander Kashlinsky and Harald Ebeling.
The speed of the drift is not so great. I think it is on the order of 1000 km/s.
What is remarkable is the coherence. If this is confirmed it would be interesting.
The technique used to detect the bulk drift is clever. It uses the interaction of hot Xray-emitting gas with the cold CMB photons--the kinematic Sunyaev-Zeldovich (KSZ) effect. Inverse Compton scattering---a hot electron bumps a cold photon and gives it a kick. So the temperature of the CMB can be changed just on those pixels where clusters, with their hot gas, have been identified. A statistically significant measured change of CMB temperature amounting to detection of a dipole. If confirmed. The direction of the bulk motion is towards the constellation Hydra, in the southern hemisphere.http://arxiv.org/abs/0809.3734
A measurement of large-scale peculiar velocities of clusters of galaxies: results and cosmological implications
A. Kashlinsky (GSFC), F. Atrio-Barandela (U of Salamanca), D. Kocevski (UC Davis), H. Ebeling (U of Hawaii)
Ap.J. (Letters), in press. 20 Oct issue (Vol. 686)
(Submitted on 22 Sep 2008)
"Peculiar velocities of clusters of galaxies can be measured by studying the fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) generated by the scattering of the microwave photons by the hot X-ray emitting gas inside clusters. While for individual clusters such measurements result in large errors, a large statistical sample of clusters allows one to study cumulative quantities dominated by the overall bulk flow of the sample with the statistical errors integrating down. We present results from such a measurement using the largest all-sky X-ray cluster catalog combined to date and the 3-year WMAP CMB data. We find a strong and coherent bulk flow on scales out to at least > 300 h^{-1} Mpc, the limit of our catalog. This flow is difficult to explain by gravitational evolution within the framework of the concordance LCDM model and may be indicative of the tilt exerted across the entire current horizon by far-away pre-inflationary inhomogeneities."
http://arxiv.org/abs/0809.3733
A measurement of large-scale peculiar velocities of clusters of galaxies: technical details
A. Kashlinsky (GSFC), F. Atrio-Barandela (U of Salamanca), D. Kocevski (UC Davis), H. Ebeling (U of Hawaii)
Astrophysical Journal, in press.
(Submitted on 22 Sep 2008)
"This paper presents detailed analysis of large-scale peculiar motions derived from a sample of ~ 700 X-ray clusters and cosmic microwave background (CMB) data obtained with WMAP. We use the kinematic Sunyaev-Zeldovich (KSZ) effect combining it into a cumulative statistic which preserves the bulk motion component with the noise integrated down. Such statistic is the dipole of CMB temperature fluctuations evaluated over the pixels of the cluster catalog (Kashlinsky & Atrio-Barandela 2000). To remove the cosmological CMB fluctuations the maps are Wiener-filtered in each of the eight WMAP channels (Q, V, W) which have negligible foreground component. Our findings are as follows: The thermal SZ (TSZ) component of the clusters is described well by the Navarro-Frenk-White profile expected if the hot gas traces the dark matter in the cluster potential wells. Such gas has X-ray temperature decreasing rapidly towards the cluster outskirts, which we demonstrate results in the decrease of the TSZ component as the aperture is increased to encompass the cluster outskirts. We then detect a statistically significant dipole in the CMB pixels at cluster positions. Arising exclusively at the cluster pixels this dipole cannot originate from the foreground or instrument noise emissions and must be produced by the CMB photons which interacted with the hot intracluster gas via the SZ effect. The dipole remains as the monopole component, due to the TSZ effect, vanishes within the small statistical noise out to the maximal aperture where we still detect the TSZ component. We demonstrate with simulations that the mask and cross-talk effects are small for our catalog and contribute negligibly to the measurements. The measured dipole thus arises from the KSZ effect produced by the coherent large scale bulk flow motion."
Thanks to Derekmcd, and also to Thenewmans, for alerting us to the Space.com article on this.
Thenewmans pointed out that the Space.com article contained factual errors.
As a rule one can't rely on Space.com journalism in the details but they call attention to new stuff, which is helpful.
In this case the journalist Clara Moskowitz said their population extended out to 6 billion LY, but all I find in the actual articles is repeated mention of an outer limit of a bit under 1.4 billion LY. What she says about the extent of the observable universe is quite misleading. But it's still a useful article, inaccuracy notwithstanding.
Two of the authors involved are Alexander Kashlinsky and Harald Ebeling.
The speed of the drift is not so great. I think it is on the order of 1000 km/s.
What is remarkable is the coherence. If this is confirmed it would be interesting.
The technique used to detect the bulk drift is clever. It uses the interaction of hot Xray-emitting gas with the cold CMB photons--the kinematic Sunyaev-Zeldovich (KSZ) effect. Inverse Compton scattering---a hot electron bumps a cold photon and gives it a kick. So the temperature of the CMB can be changed just on those pixels where clusters, with their hot gas, have been identified. A statistically significant measured change of CMB temperature amounting to detection of a dipole. If confirmed. The direction of the bulk motion is towards the constellation Hydra, in the southern hemisphere.http://arxiv.org/abs/0809.3734
A measurement of large-scale peculiar velocities of clusters of galaxies: results and cosmological implications
A. Kashlinsky (GSFC), F. Atrio-Barandela (U of Salamanca), D. Kocevski (UC Davis), H. Ebeling (U of Hawaii)
Ap.J. (Letters), in press. 20 Oct issue (Vol. 686)
(Submitted on 22 Sep 2008)
"Peculiar velocities of clusters of galaxies can be measured by studying the fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) generated by the scattering of the microwave photons by the hot X-ray emitting gas inside clusters. While for individual clusters such measurements result in large errors, a large statistical sample of clusters allows one to study cumulative quantities dominated by the overall bulk flow of the sample with the statistical errors integrating down. We present results from such a measurement using the largest all-sky X-ray cluster catalog combined to date and the 3-year WMAP CMB data. We find a strong and coherent bulk flow on scales out to at least > 300 h^{-1} Mpc, the limit of our catalog. This flow is difficult to explain by gravitational evolution within the framework of the concordance LCDM model and may be indicative of the tilt exerted across the entire current horizon by far-away pre-inflationary inhomogeneities."
http://arxiv.org/abs/0809.3733
A measurement of large-scale peculiar velocities of clusters of galaxies: technical details
A. Kashlinsky (GSFC), F. Atrio-Barandela (U of Salamanca), D. Kocevski (UC Davis), H. Ebeling (U of Hawaii)
Astrophysical Journal, in press.
(Submitted on 22 Sep 2008)
"This paper presents detailed analysis of large-scale peculiar motions derived from a sample of ~ 700 X-ray clusters and cosmic microwave background (CMB) data obtained with WMAP. We use the kinematic Sunyaev-Zeldovich (KSZ) effect combining it into a cumulative statistic which preserves the bulk motion component with the noise integrated down. Such statistic is the dipole of CMB temperature fluctuations evaluated over the pixels of the cluster catalog (Kashlinsky & Atrio-Barandela 2000). To remove the cosmological CMB fluctuations the maps are Wiener-filtered in each of the eight WMAP channels (Q, V, W) which have negligible foreground component. Our findings are as follows: The thermal SZ (TSZ) component of the clusters is described well by the Navarro-Frenk-White profile expected if the hot gas traces the dark matter in the cluster potential wells. Such gas has X-ray temperature decreasing rapidly towards the cluster outskirts, which we demonstrate results in the decrease of the TSZ component as the aperture is increased to encompass the cluster outskirts. We then detect a statistically significant dipole in the CMB pixels at cluster positions. Arising exclusively at the cluster pixels this dipole cannot originate from the foreground or instrument noise emissions and must be produced by the CMB photons which interacted with the hot intracluster gas via the SZ effect. The dipole remains as the monopole component, due to the TSZ effect, vanishes within the small statistical noise out to the maximal aperture where we still detect the TSZ component. We demonstrate with simulations that the mask and cross-talk effects are small for our catalog and contribute negligibly to the measurements. The measured dipole thus arises from the KSZ effect produced by the coherent large scale bulk flow motion."
Thanks to Derekmcd, and also to Thenewmans, for alerting us to the Space.com article on this.
Thenewmans pointed out that the Space.com article contained factual errors.
As a rule one can't rely on Space.com journalism in the details but they call attention to new stuff, which is helpful.
In this case the journalist Clara Moskowitz said their population extended out to 6 billion LY, but all I find in the actual articles is repeated mention of an outer limit of a bit under 1.4 billion LY. What she says about the extent of the observable universe is quite misleading. But it's still a useful article, inaccuracy notwithstanding.
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