Effects of Temperature on a Balloon's Buoyancy?

In summary, the buoyant force on the balloon remains the same as it rises due to the ideal gas law and the weight of the displaced air remaining constant. The effect of atmospheric temperature on the net buoyant force is negligible as the same weight of air is displaced at any height, regardless of the temperature. This is based on the assumptions that the ideal gas law applies and there is no limit to the balloon's altitude. However, this does not take into account other factors such as air pressure and wind resistance that may affect the balloon's ascent.
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Homework Statement



Very large air bags are used to lift instruments for high altitude measurements as shown in the image below. At ground level the bag is only partially filled with helium, just buoyant enough to rise.

A) As the balloon rises, describe what happens to the magnitude of the buoyant force on the balloon.

B) Given that air temperature steadily decreases at higher altitudes, explain the effect of atmospheric temperature on the net buoyant force of this system?

Homework Equations



No equations were given.

The Attempt at a Solution



A) As the balloon rises from sea level, the surrounding air becomes less dense, causing the volume of the helium inside the balloon to increase. However, due to the ideal gas law, the weight of the displaced air remains the same as it was at sea level. The ideal gas law is PV = nRT. P represents pressure and V volume. On the other side of the equation there is: n (the number of moles), the universal gas constant R, and absolute temperature T. From sea level, the balloon rises due to a buoyant force acting on it. This force results from the helium displacing a weight of air greater than itself. However, as mentioned, the same weight of air is displaced despite the air becoming less dense as the balloon rises. Thus, the magnitude of the buoyant force on the balloon remains the same as the balloon rises.

B) I have no idea how this is different from question A, which is where part of the confusion is. Any help is appreciated.
 
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  • #2
Why is the same weight of air being displaced at any height?
How did you deduce that?
What are the assumptions?
Are there no limit to your deduction?
Could you go up to the moon with this baloon?
Don't hesitate to be analytical, that's the aim.
 

1. How does temperature affect a balloon's buoyancy?

The temperature of the air inside and outside of the balloon affects the density of the air, which in turn affects the balloon's buoyancy. As air gets warmer, it expands and becomes less dense, causing the balloon to rise. Conversely, as air gets colder, it contracts and becomes more dense, causing the balloon to sink.

2. Does the type of gas used in the balloon affect its buoyancy?

Yes, the type of gas used in a balloon can have an impact on its buoyancy. Helium, which is commonly used in balloons, is less dense than air and therefore causes the balloon to rise. However, other gases such as hydrogen or hot air can also be used and will affect the buoyancy differently.

3. How does altitude affect a balloon's buoyancy?

As altitude increases, the air becomes less dense, which can cause the balloon to rise. This is because the air inside the balloon is now less dense than the surrounding air, resulting in an increase in buoyant force.

4. Can the size or shape of a balloon affect its buoyancy?

Yes, the size and shape of a balloon can affect its buoyancy. A larger balloon will displace more air and therefore have a greater buoyant force, causing it to rise. The shape of the balloon can also affect how much air it can hold and how easily it moves through the air, both of which can impact its buoyancy.

5. How does temperature affect a hot air balloon's ability to fly?

Temperature plays a crucial role in the flight of a hot air balloon. The hot air inside the balloon is what provides the lift needed for the balloon to fly. If the temperature is too low, the balloon will not be able to generate enough lift to stay airborne. However, if the temperature is too high, the balloon may become too buoyant and be difficult to control. Pilots must carefully monitor and adjust the temperature inside the balloon to maintain a stable flight.

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