Functional groups are specific groups of atoms that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions and properties of a compound. They determine the physical and chemical properties of a molecule.
Functional groups are identified by the presence of specific atoms, such as oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur, and their arrangement in a molecule. They can also be identified by their characteristic chemical reactions.
Some common functional groups include hydroxyl (-OH), carbonyl (>C=O), carboxyl (-COOH), amino (-NH2), and phosphate (-PO4). These groups are often found in organic compounds and play important roles in biological processes.
The type and arrangement of functional groups in a compound affect its physical and chemical properties. For example, the presence of hydroxyl groups can make a molecule more polar, while the presence of carboxyl groups can make a molecule more acidic.
Functional groups are important in chemistry because they help to classify and predict the properties of compounds. They also play crucial roles in biochemical processes and are essential for the functioning of living organisms.