How do evolutionists construct descendency trees from fossils?

In summary, through numerous fossil expeditions, it is possible to reconstruct the skeletons of various animals and identify distinct bones. However, determining the descent of these animals can be a challenge, as multiple species could have existed at the same time and past anthropologists have made mistakes in this regard. Currently, the best methods for determining descent include cladistics, a complex subject that can be applied to both physical and molecular traits of both extinct and living species.
  • #1
Al-Layth
21
4
Looking at the result of a great number of fossil expeditions, I understand how you can construct the full or partial skeletons of a number of different animals, you would be able to certainly identify certain bones as belonging to a distinct animal. That's great. you now know there were these very similair looking animals with slight variations and you have a collection of their skeletal models.

My problem is, how do you know which animal descended from which?
Determining the age of the bones cannot be enough because its possible multiple species existed at the same time.

And from what i've read, the anthropologists of the past have made many mistakes as regards to determining descendancy as well.

So what actually are the current best methods for determining the correct descendancy tree from a collection of animal skeleton you constructed from the discoveries from a number of fossil expeditions?
 
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  • #2
There several methods for doing this.
Cladistics is one of the better known methods.
It is a fairly large complex subject.
Here is a wikipedia article on cladistics you might want to read.
These methods can be used for physical traits as well as molecular traits and can be applied to current as well as extinct species.
 
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1. How do scientists determine the age of fossils?

Scientists use a variety of methods to determine the age of fossils, including radiometric dating, which measures the decay of radioactive elements, and relative dating, which compares the position of fossils in rock layers.

2. How do scientists know which fossils are related to each other?

Scientists use a variety of techniques, such as comparative anatomy and DNA analysis, to determine the relationships between different fossils. They also look for patterns in the physical characteristics and geographic distribution of fossils.

3. What is the purpose of constructing descendency trees from fossils?

The purpose of constructing descendency trees from fossils is to understand the evolutionary relationships between different species. By studying the similarities and differences between fossils, scientists can trace the evolutionary history of a particular group of organisms.

4. How do scientists deal with missing or incomplete fossil records?

Scientists use a combination of techniques, such as cladistics and phylogenetic analysis, to fill in gaps in the fossil record. They also compare fossils to living organisms and use statistical methods to estimate the likelihood of certain relationships.

5. Can descendency trees change over time as new fossils are discovered?

Yes, descendency trees can change as new fossils are discovered and as scientific understanding of evolution improves. As more evidence is gathered, scientists may revise or update existing descendency trees to better reflect the relationships between different species.

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