The exact location of the tumor is determined using imaging techniques such as CT scans, MRI, or PET scans. These images show the size, shape, and location of the tumor in relation to surrounding tissues.
The treatment planning system uses the imaging data to create a 3D map of the tumor and surrounding tissues. This map is then used to calculate the exact position of the tumor and plan the delivery of the heavy ion beam.
With the use of advanced imaging and treatment planning techniques, the risk of targeting the wrong location is very low. However, there is always a small margin of error, so frequent imaging during treatment is necessary to ensure accuracy.
The heavy ion beam is directed and shaped using a device called a collimator, which allows for precise control of the beam's size and direction. Additionally, the unique properties of heavy ions allow for a more targeted delivery of radiation, minimizing damage to healthy tissues.
In some cases, tumors can shift or change in size during the course of treatment. To account for this, frequent imaging is done to ensure the heavy ion beam is still targeting the correct location. If necessary, adjustments can be made to the treatment plan to account for any changes in the tumor's location.