Interpreting "momentum" in WKB approximation

In summary, according to the WKB approximation, the wave function is inversely proportional to the momentum, meaning that the probability of finding a particle between two points is also inversely proportional to its momentum. This concept is familiar from the book by R. Shankar, where higher momentum corresponds to higher velocities and lower chances of finding the particle in a specific position. However, the relationship between momentum and the de Broglie wavelength raises doubts about the physical meaning of the term p(x), as higher wavelengths imply a lower probability of finding the particle. The WKB approximation assumes a high momentum, where the wavelength is short compared to the length over which the particle is being averaged, to calculate the mean probability. Therefore, this approximation relies on the
  • #1
deep838
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According to WKB approximation, the wave function [tex] \psi (x) \propto \frac{1}{\sqrt{p(x)}}[/tex]
This implies that the probability of finding a particle in between x and x+dx is inversely proportional to the momentum of the particle in the given potential.

According to the book, R. Shankar, this is "familiar" to us since higher momentum corresponds to higher velocities and consequently, higher velocity implies lesser chances of finding the particle at some position.

However, I'm confused regarding the fact that the momentum, being inversely proportional to the de Broglie wavelength implies that the probability is proportional to λ. This seems unreasonable, since higher wavelengths imply the particle is more "spread out in space" corresponding to less chances of finding it.

This is an honest doubt I've had ever since I came across the de Broglie relation and it just keeps building up, which leads me to question the physical meaning of the term p(x). Any insights will be very much appreciated.
 
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  • #2
If you see a stop sign, you have two options: a) stop, or b) go as fast as you can through the intersection, minimizing the time you spend there, right?

If you are traveling with velocity v, the time you spend between x and x + dx is inversely proportional to your velocity, and thus momentum. WKB is simply using this classical fact.
 
  • #3
Yeah I understand the interpretation regarding velocities... What's bothering me is the one regarding wavelengths.
 
  • #4
WKB is a high momentum aoproximation. So you are assuming that the wavelength is short compared to the legth over which you are averaging to get the mean probability to find the particle.
 

1. What is the WKB approximation method?

The WKB (Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin) approximation method is a semi-classical approach used to solve Schrödinger's equation in quantum mechanics. It is based on the assumption that the wavefunction can be expressed as a product of two functions: one that varies rapidly and one that varies slowly.

2. How is momentum interpreted in the WKB approximation?

In the WKB approximation, momentum is interpreted as the derivative of the phase of the wavefunction with respect to position. This is known as the momentum-phase relation and is given by p = ħ∂φ/∂x, where p is the momentum, φ is the phase, and ħ is the reduced Planck's constant.

3. What is the significance of the WKB approximation in quantum mechanics?

The WKB approximation allows for the calculation of approximate solutions to the Schrödinger equation in cases where the potential energy is changing slowly with respect to position. This method is often used to analyze the behavior of particles in potential wells and barriers.

4. How does the WKB approximation relate to classical mechanics?

The WKB approximation is a semi-classical method, meaning it combines elements of both quantum mechanics and classical mechanics. It is based on the classical WKB method, which is used to solve classical wave equations, but incorporates the wave nature of particles in quantum mechanics.

5. Are there any limitations to the WKB approximation method?

Yes, there are limitations to the WKB approximation method. It is only accurate when the potential energy is slowly varying, and it does not work well for systems with high energy states or highly curved potentials. It is also not suitable for calculations involving tunneling effects.

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