Isothermal Compressibility: Derive an equation

P. In summary, the isothermal compressibility of an ideal gas can be expressed as $\kappa_t = \frac{1}{P}$, regardless of whether the ideal gas law is written as PV = nRT or PV = RT. To obtain this expression, one can solve for V in the ideal gas law equation and then take the partial derivative with respect to P at constant T and n.
  • #1
johnr
4
0
> The isothermal compressibility $\kappa_t$ of a substance is defined as $$ \kappa_t = -\frac{1}{V} \left ( \frac{\partial V}{\partial P} \right )_T $$ Obtain an expression for the isothermal compressibility of an ideal gas. (PV = RT) in terms of p.

I believe that the ideal gas law equation may be a typo (i.e. PV = nRT). Anyways, I have first set $P = RT/V$ and then taken $P_{VT}$ (partial derivatives). Is this the right way to go?
 
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  • #2
johnr said:
typo
It's often shown for n=1.
johnr said:
right way to go?
Which derivative is useful for this problem?
 
  • #3
It doesn't matter whether you use PV=nRT or PV=RT. You get the same answer either way. So solve for V and take the partial derivative with respect to P at constant T (and n). What do you get?

Chet
 

1. What is isothermal compressibility?

Isothermal compressibility is a measure of the change in volume of a substance when subjected to a change in pressure at a constant temperature. It is denoted by the Greek letter kappa (κ) and is expressed in units of inverse pressure (such as Pa-1 or atm-1).

2. Why is isothermal compressibility important?

Isothermal compressibility is an important physical property that helps us understand how a substance responds to changes in pressure. It is particularly useful in studying the behavior of gases and liquids, and is an essential parameter in the study of thermodynamics and fluid mechanics.

3. How do you derive the equation for isothermal compressibility?

The equation for isothermal compressibility can be derived by considering the relationship between pressure and volume of a substance at a constant temperature. This relationship is described by Boyle's Law, which states that the product of pressure and volume is constant. By differentiating this equation and substituting in the definition of isothermal compressibility, we can obtain the final equation.

4. What factors affect the value of isothermal compressibility?

The value of isothermal compressibility is affected by several factors, including the type of substance, temperature, and pressure. In general, substances with weaker intermolecular forces have higher values of isothermal compressibility. Additionally, as temperature increases, the value of isothermal compressibility also increases, while higher pressures tend to decrease the value.

5. How is isothermal compressibility used in practical applications?

Isothermal compressibility is used in many practical applications, such as in the design of diving equipment, where it helps to determine the appropriate volume of air needed in a scuba tank for a given depth. It is also used in the study of oceanography, as it helps to understand the effects of pressure on the density and volume of seawater. In the food industry, isothermal compressibility is used to predict the shelf life of products by determining the rate at which gases escape from packaging under pressure.

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