Oscillation of a point charge perpendicular to field lines

In summary, The equation for the force acting on the particle is: F=\frac{Qq}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 x^3} \cdot \hat{x} where Q is the charge, x is the displacement, and T is the time period. The force is in the ##\hat{x}## direction and is magnitude Q/4 pi electron-volt.
  • #1
CrazyNeutrino
100
0

Homework Statement


Two particles A and B each carry a charge Q and are separated by a fixed distance D. A particle c with charge q and mass m is kept at the midpoint of A and B. If C is displaced perpendicular to AB by a distance x where x<<<D,
find the time period of the oscillation of the charge.

Homework Equations


$$F=\frac{Qq}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 x^3} \cdot \hat{x}$$
$$a=-\omega^2 x$$

The Attempt at a Solution


I started off by trying to find an expression for the force acting on the particle. Since the components of the force parallel to AB cancel out because the charges at A & B are the same, I took the vector sum of the perpendicular force in the ##\hat{x}## direction.
$$ma=-\frac{2Qq}{4\pi\epsilon_0 x^3}\cdot \hat{x}$$

I then solved for ##a## and plugged the coefficients into ##a=\omega^2 x##.
This gives:
$$\omega^2=\frac{Qq}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 x^3}$$
$$ \frac{2\pi}{T}=\sqrt{\frac{Qq}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 x^3}} $$
$$ T = \sqrt{\frac{8\pi^3\epsilon_0 x^3 m}{qQ}}$$

This is wrong.
 
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  • #2
Your equation $$F=\frac{Qq}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 x^3} \cdot \hat{x}$$ is incorrect. There should be dependence on D, the separation between the fixed charges. It's also dimensionally incorrect and predicts that F is infinite when x = 0. Actually, F = 0 when x = 0.
 
  • #3
kuruman said:
Your equation $$F=\frac{Qq}{4 \pi \epsilon_0 x^3} \cdot \hat{x}$$ is incorrect. There should be dependence on D, the separation between the fixed charges. It's also dimensionally incorrect and predicts that F is infinite when x = 0. Actually, F = 0 when x = 0.
I understand the dimensionality argument. How and why does the force depend on the charge separation though? Wouldn’t those components cancel each other out?
 
  • #4
CrazyNeutrino said:
How and why does the force depend on the charge separation though?
What is the magnitude of the force exerted by one charge Q? What direction is it in? What component is left after cancellation by the force from the other charge?
 

1. What is meant by "oscillation of a point charge perpendicular to field lines"?

When a point charge is placed in an electric field, it will experience a force in the direction of the field lines. However, if the charge is also given an initial velocity perpendicular to the field lines, it will undergo oscillatory motion, moving back and forth along a straight line perpendicular to the field lines.

2. What causes a point charge to oscillate perpendicular to field lines?

The oscillation of a point charge perpendicular to field lines is caused by the interplay between the electric force on the charge, which pulls it towards the field lines, and its initial velocity, which causes it to move away from the field lines. This results in a back-and-forth motion along a straight line perpendicular to the field lines.

3. How does the strength of the electric field affect the oscillation of a point charge?

The strength of the electric field affects the oscillation of a point charge by determining the magnitude of the electric force acting on the charge. A stronger electric field will result in a stronger force, leading to a larger amplitude of oscillation.

4. What factors can influence the frequency of oscillation for a point charge perpendicular to field lines?

The frequency of oscillation for a point charge perpendicular to field lines is influenced by the charge of the particle, the strength of the electric field, and the mass of the particle. A higher charge or stronger field will result in a higher frequency, while a higher mass will lead to a lower frequency of oscillation.

5. Can the oscillation of a point charge perpendicular to field lines be observed in real life?

Yes, the oscillation of a point charge perpendicular to field lines can be observed in real life. This phenomenon is commonly seen in experiments involving charged particles in electric fields, such as the demonstration of the cathode ray tube, or in particle accelerators. It is also essential in understanding the behavior of electrons in electronic devices.

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