Pressure change in pipe due to sudden closure of valve

In summary, the conversation discusses the task of finding ##\alpha##, in which ##\Delta P = \rho_0 c (\Delta v) \alpha##. The first step is to set up an equation using conservation of mass, where ρ0v0=ρ1v1 is incorrect due to the opposite velocities of v0 and v1. The use of a moving frame c is necessary to find the speed of the water particles. By considering positions x, y, x', y' in the pipe and using mass conservation, it is shown that the water between x and y at time t will be between x' and y' at time t+dt. Further calculations can be done using the equations ##x'-
  • #1
phantomvommand
242
38
Homework Statement
Please see the attached photo
Relevant Equations
Conservation of Mass
Impulse forumla
Screenshot 2021-07-30 at 2.24.09 AM.png

Water is flowing in the pipe with velocity v0. Upon sudden closure of the valve at T, a pressure wave travels in the -ve x direction with speed c. The task is to find ##\alpha##, where ##\Delta P = \rho_0 c (\Delta v) \alpha##.
The 1st step is to set up an equation using conservation of mass. (picture is below)
I do not understand why we need to use a moving frame c to find the speed of the water particles. Why is simply stating ##\rho_0 v_0 = \rho_1 v_1## incorrect?

Screenshot 2021-07-30 at 2.26.05 AM.png
 
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  • #2
phantomvommand said:
Why is simply stating ρ0v0=ρ1v1 incorrect?
One obvious reason is that v0 is positive and v1 is negative, so it cannot be true.

Consider positions x, y, x', y' in the pipe, where,
at time t, the wave front is at x
at time t+dt, the wave front is at y'
at time t+dt, the water that had been at x has moved to y
the water that is at y' at t+dt had been at y at time t
Draw a picture or two.
So the water that was between x and y at time t is between x' and y' at t+dt.
By mass conservation, ##(x-y)\rho_0=(x'-y')\rho_1##.
Also ##x'-x=v_1 \delta t##, ##y'-y=v_0 \delta t## and ##y'-x=c \delta t##.

I leave the working to you.
 
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1. What causes pressure change in a pipe when a valve is suddenly closed?

When a valve is suddenly closed, it creates a rapid change in flow rate within the pipe. This change in flow rate causes a pressure wave to travel through the pipe, resulting in a sudden increase in pressure.

2. How does the pressure change affect the pipe and its contents?

The sudden increase in pressure can cause the pipe to experience stress and strain, which can lead to potential damage or even rupture. The contents of the pipe can also be affected, as the sudden pressure change can cause them to compress or expand, potentially causing leaks or other issues.

3. Is there a way to prevent pressure change in a pipe when a valve is closed?

Yes, there are several ways to prevent pressure change in a pipe when a valve is closed. One method is to use a pressure relief valve, which will release excess pressure to prevent damage to the pipe and its contents. Another method is to slowly close the valve instead of abruptly closing it, which can help to minimize the pressure change.

4. Can pressure change in a pipe due to sudden valve closure be dangerous?

Yes, pressure change in a pipe due to sudden valve closure can be dangerous. The rapid increase in pressure can cause pipes to burst, leading to potential injuries or property damage. It is important to handle valve closures carefully and have proper safety measures in place.

5. How can pressure change in a pipe be measured and monitored?

Pressure change in a pipe can be measured and monitored using pressure gauges or transducers. These devices can be installed at various points along the pipe to track changes in pressure. There are also advanced monitoring systems that can provide real-time data and alerts for any sudden pressure changes in the pipe.

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