Prolonged contact between HCl and alkanes

In summary, there is no observable reaction between hydrochloric acid and simple alkanes in the short term, as they separate into layers with no changes in properties. However, it is unclear if there would be any reactions over longer periods of time if the solution is stored in a closed container. The expected rate of outgassing from the HCl may be affected by the presence of a layer of hydrocarbons on top, but this is uncertain. Nucleophilic substitutions of branched alkanes with more than 3 carbon atoms may occur.
  • #1
KarenRei
100
6
I've verified that there is no obvious reaction between hydrochloric acid and simple alkanes (roughly C4-C12) over short timescales; they simply settle out with the heavier HCl on the bottom and the lighter hydrocarbons on the top, with no apparent heating or changes in general properties (as anticipated). However, are there any reactions on the scale of hours to weeks or more, if the solution were stored (closed polyethylene container, pressure release, not purged with an inert gas)? Nothing comes to mind, but I'm just wanting to make sure I'm not missing anything.

Also, would the expected rate of outgassing from the HCl be suppressed by having a layer of hydrocarbons on top of it (as water evaporation is hindered beneath a layer of oil), or would it remain pretty much unchanged?
 
  • #3
Nucleophilic substitutions of branched members of families for n > 3 can be expected.
 

1. What happens when HCl and alkanes come into prolonged contact?

When HCl (hydrochloric acid) comes into prolonged contact with alkanes (hydrocarbons with only single bonds), a reaction known as halogenation occurs. This reaction involves the substitution of a hydrogen atom in the alkane with a chlorine atom from HCl. This results in the formation of a chlorinated alkane and hydrogen gas.

2. How does prolonged contact with HCl affect the physical properties of alkanes?

Prolonged contact with HCl can cause changes in the physical properties of alkanes. This is because the addition of a chlorine atom to the alkane molecule can change its polarity, making it more polar. This can affect properties such as boiling point, solubility, and reactivity.

3. Is prolonged contact with HCl dangerous for humans?

Prolonged contact with HCl can be dangerous for humans, as it is a strong acid and can cause burns or irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. It is important to handle HCl with caution and use appropriate safety measures when working with it.

4. Can prolonged contact with HCl and alkanes have any industrial applications?

Yes, prolonged contact between HCl and alkanes has several industrial applications. One example is the production of chlorinated solvents, which are used in various industries such as cleaning, degreasing, and metalworking. HCl can also be used to produce plastic materials such as PVC (polyvinyl chloride).

5. How can the reaction between HCl and alkanes be controlled during prolonged contact?

The reaction between HCl and alkanes can be controlled by adjusting the reaction conditions, such as temperature and concentration of reactants. Using a solvent or catalyst can also help control the rate of the reaction. It is important to carefully monitor and control the reaction to ensure safety and desired outcomes.

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