Test comparing the means of 2 water samples

In summary, the conversation discusses the results of a study on the chlorine content in a city lake over the course of two years. The data suggests a reduction in average chlorine level in 2012 compared to 2010. The analysis also considers the possibility of a type 1 error and constructs a 95% confidence interval for the difference in population means.
  • #1
toothpaste666
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Homework Statement


In June 2010, chemical analyses were made of 85 water samples (each of unit volume) taken from various parts of a city lake, and the measurements of chlorine content were recorded. During the next two winters, the use of road salt was substantially reduced in the catchment areas of the lake. In June 2012, 110 water samples were analyzed and their chlorine contents were recorded. Calculation of the mean and the standard deviation for the two sets of the data gives:

Chlorine Content
2010 2012
Mean 18.3 17.8
Standard Deviation 1.2 1.8

Do the data provide strong evidence that there is a reduction of average chlorine level in the lake water in 2012 compared to the level in 2010?
(a) Test with α = 0.05.
(b) Suppose that a further study establishes that, in fact, the average chlorine level in the lake water didn’t change from 2010 to 2012. Referring back to part (a), did your analysis lead to a
(i) Type I error, (ii) Type II error or (iii) correct decision?
(c) Construct a 95% confidence interval for the difference of the population means.

The Attempt at a Solution


a)
let μ1 represent the 2010 mean and μ2 the 2012
X is the mean of the 2010 sample and Y is the mean of the 2012 sample
since the sample sizes n1 = 85 > 30 and n2 = 110 > 30 we use the Z test
H0: μ1-μ2=0
H1: μ1-μ2>0

we reject H0 if Z>zα = z.05 = 1.645
Z > 1.645

Z = [(X - Y) - 0]/[sqrt(s1^2/n1 + s2^2/n2)] = (18.3 - 17.8)/sqrt((1.2)^2/85 + (1.8)^2/110) = .5/.2154 = 2.32
Z = 2.32 > 1.645, so we reject H0 and say that the data provides evidence that there was a reduction in chlorine level

b) type 1 error (rejection of H0 when H0 is true)

c) large sample (n>30) so
X-Y ± zα/2 sqrt(s1^2/n1 + s2^2/n2)
18.3 - 17.8 ± (1.96)sqrt((1.2)^2/85 + (1.8)^2/110)
.5 ± (1.96)(.2154)
.5 ± .422

.078 < μ1 - μ2 < .922

Am I doing this correctly?
 
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  • #2
The approach is right, I didn't check every number as calculators can do that.

Asking for "strong evidence" and then using α = 0.05 in the problem statement is self-contradictory, but that's a different topic.
 
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  • #3
thank you
 

What is the purpose of comparing the means of 2 water samples?

The purpose of comparing the means of 2 water samples is to determine if there is a significant difference in the average values of a specific variable between the two samples. This can help identify any potential sources of contamination or differences in water quality.

How do you conduct a test comparing the means of 2 water samples?

To conduct a test comparing the means of 2 water samples, you will need to collect a representative sample from each source and measure the desired variable. Then, you can use statistical analysis techniques such as a t-test or ANOVA to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of the two samples.

What are some important factors to consider when comparing the means of 2 water samples?

Some important factors to consider when comparing the means of 2 water samples include the sample size, the variability within each sample, and any potential confounding variables that could affect the results. It is also important to ensure that the samples are collected and measured in a consistent and accurate manner.

What are the potential limitations of comparing the means of 2 water samples?

One potential limitation of comparing the means of 2 water samples is that it only provides information about a single variable. Other factors, such as the overall water quality or the presence of specific contaminants, may also be important but cannot be determined through this type of test. Additionally, the results may be influenced by the specific samples collected and may not be representative of the entire water source.

How can the results of a test comparing the means of 2 water samples be used?

The results of a test comparing the means of 2 water samples can be used to identify any significant differences in water quality between the two sources. This information can inform decision-making and help identify potential areas for improvement in water treatment or management. It can also serve as a baseline for future comparisons and monitoring of water quality.

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