Thermal energy is a type of kinetic energy that is generated by the movement of particles within a substance. It is the total energy of all the particles in a system and is directly related to the temperature of the substance.
Thermal energy is typically measured in joules (J) or calories (cal), although other units such as BTUs (British Thermal Units) are also used. It can be measured using specialized equipment such as thermometers, calorimeters, or thermal cameras.
Thermal energy can be generated from various sources, including the sun, chemical reactions, nuclear reactions, and friction. It is also a byproduct of many everyday activities, such as cooking, exercising, and using electronic devices.
Thermal energy can be transferred through three main mechanisms: conduction, convection, and radiation. Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact between two objects, convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids, and radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves.
Thermal energy has many practical applications, including heating buildings, cooking food, generating electricity, and powering vehicles. It is also used in various industries, such as manufacturing, to melt, shape, and join materials. In addition, thermal energy is essential for many biological processes, such as regulating body temperature and digestion.