Thermodynamics of the free and independent electron gas

In summary, the conversation discusses using thermodynamics identities and equations to calculate the entropy density. The equations used are c_v=(∂u/∂T)_n=T(∂s/∂T)_n, f(ε)=1/(e^(ε-μ/k_BT)+1), and u=∫(1/4π^3)εkf(ε(k))d∅. The third law of thermodynamics is also mentioned, stating that s→0 as T→0. The approach taken to calculate the entropy density is to first calculate (∂u/∂T)_n, using the equation (∂u/∂T)=(∂u/∂β)(∂
  • #1
amjad-sh
246
13

Homework Statement


(a) Deduce from the thermodynamics identities:

##c_v=(\frac {\partial u}{\partial T})_n=T(\frac{\partial s}{\partial T})_n##
and equations: ##f(ε)=\frac {1}{e^{ε-μ/k_BT}+1}##
and ##u=\int \frac{1}{4π^3}ε(k)f(ε(k)) \, {d \vec k}##
and from the third law of thermodynamics(s→0 asT→0)
that the entropy density is given by:
##s=-K_B\int \frac{1}{4π^3}[f\ln f +(1-f)\ln(1-f)] \, {d \vec k}##

Homework Equations

The Attempt at a Solution


[/B]I tried to calculate ##(\frac {\partial u}{\partial T})_n## first

I used ##\frac{\partial u}{\partial T}=\frac{\partial u}{\partial \beta}\frac{\partial \beta}{\partial T}##
where##\frac{\partial \beta}{\partial T}= \frac{-1}{K_BT^2}##
now ##\frac{\partial u}{\partial \beta}=\frac{\partial }{\partial \beta}\int \frac{1}{4π^3}ε(k)\frac {1}{e^{ε-μ/k_BT}+1} \, {d \vec k}##
then##\frac{\partial u}{\partial \beta}=\int \frac{1}{4π^3}ε\frac {(ε-μ)e^{(ε-μ)\beta}}{(e^{(ε-μ)/k_BT}+1)^2} \, {d \vec k}##
##\frac{\partial u}{\partial T}=-K_B\int \frac{1}{4π^3}ε\frac {(\beta)^2(ε-μ)e^{(ε-μ)\beta}}{(e^{(ε-μ)/k_BT}+1)^2} \, {d \vec k}##

I reached to this part and then couldn't continue further.
 
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  • #2
So I thought of using the second equation ##f(ε)=\frac {1}{e^{ε-μ/k_BT}+1}## which can be written as##f(ε)=\frac {1}{e^{(ε-μ)\beta)+1}##Now using the first equation, we have ##c_v=(\frac {\partial u}{\partial T})_n=T(\frac{\partial s}{\partial T})_n=K_B\int \frac{1}{4π^3}[f\ln f +(1-f)\ln(1-f)] \, {d \vec k}##Is this the correct approach? Thank you
 

What is the "free and independent electron gas" in thermodynamics?

The free and independent electron gas refers to a theoretical model used in thermodynamics to describe the behavior of electrons in a system. It assumes that the electrons in the system are not interacting with each other and are free to move independently.

What is the significance of the free and independent electron gas in thermodynamics?

The free and independent electron gas model is important in thermodynamics because it allows for the study of the thermodynamic properties of materials and systems that contain a large number of electrons, such as metals and semiconductors. It also helps in understanding the behavior of electrons in various states, such as in a solid, liquid, or gas.

What are the assumptions made in the free and independent electron gas model?

The free and independent electron gas model assumes that the electrons in the system are not interacting with each other, there are no external forces acting on the electrons, and the electrons are in thermal equilibrium with the system. It also assumes that the electrons obey the laws of quantum mechanics and are confined to a three-dimensional box.

How does the free and independent electron gas model relate to the laws of thermodynamics?

The free and independent electron gas model is based on the laws of thermodynamics, specifically the first and second laws. These laws state that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transferred or converted, and that the total entropy of a closed system will always increase. The model helps in understanding how these laws apply to systems containing a large number of free electrons.

What are some practical applications of the free and independent electron gas model?

The free and independent electron gas model has many practical applications in areas such as materials science, electronics, and energy generation. It is used to study the properties of metals and semiconductors, as well as to design and improve electronic devices such as transistors and solar cells. It also helps in understanding the thermodynamic behavior of materials used in energy generation, such as thermoelectric materials.

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