Non-coding genes are called "genes" because they are segments of DNA that contain genetic information and are passed down from parent to offspring, just like coding genes. Despite not coding for proteins, they still play important roles in regulating gene expression and controlling various biological processes.
Coding genes, also known as protein-coding genes, are responsible for producing proteins that carry out specific functions in the body. Non-coding genes, on the other hand, do not code for proteins but instead have regulatory functions, such as controlling gene expression and cell development.
It is estimated that the human genome contains approximately 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes, but the number of non-coding genes is much larger, with some estimates reaching up to 100,000 or more. However, the exact number is still being studied and may vary depending on the definition of a non-coding gene.
Yes, non-coding genes have important biological functions, such as regulating gene expression, controlling cell differentiation and development, and maintaining the stability of the genome. They also play a role in diseases and disorders, such as cancer and genetic disorders.
Non-coding genes are studied through various techniques, such as DNA sequencing, gene expression analysis, and genetic manipulation. Scientists also use bioinformatics tools and databases to analyze non-coding DNA sequences and predict potential functions. Additionally, experiments using model organisms and cell cultures can provide insights into the functions of non-coding genes.