NicholeHudson said:Diabetes makes blood cholesterol level too high. The high cholesterol level cause the insides of large blood vessels narrowed or clogged.
The narrowed and clogged blood vessels make it difficult for enough blood to get to all parts of your body. This problem is called atherosclerosis. This further can cause heart attack and other serious problems.
This is a pretty simple question with complex answers. You may have to spend some time with Google to find the answers that relate to your concerns. Diabetics can develop serious problems with blood-flow to the extremities and to blood-rich areas like the retinas. As an optician, I found it very sad to see people losing their vision to a condition that should have been controllable, at least to some degree.oem7110 said:Could you please give any suggestions on how high blood sugar directly or indirectly influence the blood cholesterol level?
Thanks you very much for any suggestions
You should try doing an online search.oem7110 said:Could you please give any suggestions on how high blood sugar directly or indirectly influence the blood cholesterol level?
Thanks you very much for any suggestions
Diabetes tends to lower "good" cholesterol levels and raise triglyceride and "bad" cholesterol levels, which increases the risk for heart disease and stroke. This common condition is called diabetic dyslipidemia.
"Diabetic dyslipidemia means your lipid profile is going in the wrong direction," said Richard Nesto, M.D., a spokesperson for the American Heart Association. "It's a deadly combination that puts patients at risk for premature coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis — where the arteries become clogged with accumulated fat and other substances."
Studies show a link between insulin resistance, which is a precursor to type 2 diabetes, and diabetic dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis and blood vessel disease. These conditions can develop even before diabetes is diagnosed.
The cardiovascular complications of diabetes are a major cause of patient mortality and the underlying mechanisms of the cardiovascular complications of diabetes have not been fully elucidated. Hyperglycaemia drives non-enzymatic glycation and oxidation of proteins and lipids, which enhances irreversible formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). This process is particularly facile in diabetic and hyperlipidaemic states.
Indeed, it is well known that hyperglycemia induces glycation of proteins and lipids, resulting in formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Accumulation of AGEs in the vessel wall has been shown to promote vascular disease in DM.
gravenewworld said:Don't know if you found your answer already but this can be answered with textbook knowledge of metabolism. [Insulin]/[Glucagon] concentration ratio is the key regulatory factor in the body that controls lipid mobilization for break down and subsequent release of free fatty acids (FFA). A diabetic person (type I let's say) has an autoimmune disorder that attacks their pancreatic beta cells which causes them to secrete less insulin. Therefore their [insulin]/[glucagon] ratio drops if their diabetes is untreated since cells can't up take glucose and switch to gluconeogenesis ( in other words glucagon is released). There is a receptor (keep things simple) that when glucagon binds to it, it activates adenylate cyclase which will generate cAMP (this is hormone regulated lipolysis). Insulin also binds to this same receptor, however, it has the opposite effect, it shuts it off. So you can see why a low [insulin]/[glucagon] ratio is the key regulatory factor. cAMPs then activate PKA (kinase) which in turn phosphorylates hormone sensitive lipase (enzyme that breaks down triacyl glyerols to FFAs). FFAs are released into the blood where they are transported by lipoproteins which clog up arteries.
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Take Charge of Your Diabetes
7. Heart and Blood Vessel Problems
Heart and blood vessel problems are the main causes of sickness and death among people with diabetes. These problems can lead to high blood pressure, heart attacks, and strokes. Heart and blood vessel problems can also cause poor circulation (blood flow) in the legs and feet.
You’re more likely to have heart and blood vessel problems if you smoke cigarettes, have high blood pressure, or have too much cholesterol or other fats in your blood. Talk with your health care team about what you can do to lower your risk for heart and blood vessel problems. Ask about taking a daily aspirin to help prevent heart and blood vessel problems.
Please read on . . .
http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/pubs/tcyd/heart.htm
jackmell said:The body uses primarily two routes to produce energy: sugar metabolism and fat metabolism with insulin being involved with the former. When there is insufficient insulin, sugar metabolism, the path first choosen by the body, is interrupted. The body detects this and is forced to switch to fat metabolism causing a large increase in the metabolites of fats, free fatty acids. This increase in fats in the body has a deleterious affect on the vascular system.
Insulin can control metabolism at the level of DNA transcription. Not only does it regulate how glucose can get into cells, it regulates the levels of enzymes that play key roles in glycolysis. Insulin turns the MAPK pathway, which turns on certain transcription factors that increase glucokinase synthesis. GK is the enzyme that controls the first step of glycolysis.Also, I believe insulin is not dirrectly involved with sugar metabolism but rather only facilitates the transport of sugar through the cell membrane. Would need to confirm that. I'll leave that to the OP if they're interested.
gravenewworld said:Insulin not only affects glycolysis, it also affects lipolysis. It is one of the regulators of metabolism. Like I said, one of the way lipolysis is turned on/off is by the binding of either insulin or glucagon to a G protein receptor that when activated by glucagon turns on an cAMP cascade to turn on hormone mediated lipolysis enzymes.
Insulin can control metabolism at the level of DNA transcription. Not only does it regulate how glucose can get into cells, it regulates the levels of enzymes that play key roles in glycolysis. Insulin turns the MAPK pathway, which turns on certain transcription factors that increase glucokinase synthesis. GK is the enzyme that controls the first step of glycolysis.
Insulin can also control the levels of fructose 2,6, bisphosphate, the key allosteric regulator of phosphofructokinase 1 which is the major regulatory enzyme of all of glycolysis. Insulin stimulates certain phosphatases that remove Pi from PFK2 and FBPase which causes levels of F2,6P to rise thereby stimulating glycolysis by allosterically turning on PFK1. Insulin does oh so much more than just cause cells to uptake glucose.
Diabetes can cause damage to the walls of blood vessels, making them less flexible and more prone to accumulating plaque and narrowing. This can lead to various vascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral arterial disease.
Elevated blood sugar levels can damage the endothelial cells that line the blood vessels, leading to inflammation and reduced production of nitric oxide, an important vasodilator. This can result in impaired blood flow and increased risk of cardiovascular complications.
Insulin resistance, a hallmark of type 2 diabetes, can also contribute to vascular damage. It causes an increase in circulating insulin levels, which can promote the growth of smooth muscle cells in the blood vessel walls, leading to thickening and narrowing of the vessels.
The best way to prevent diabetes-related vascular diseases is by controlling blood sugar levels through healthy lifestyle habits such as regular exercise and a balanced diet. It is also important to manage other risk factors, such as high blood pressure and cholesterol levels.
Yes, there are various treatments available for diabetes-related vascular diseases, such as medications to control blood sugar levels, blood pressure, and cholesterol. In some cases, surgical interventions may also be necessary to restore blood flow to blocked or narrowed vessels. It is important to work closely with a healthcare team to determine the most appropriate treatment plan for each individual.