Why does mercury rise in a glass capillary tube despite its strong cohesion?

In summary, the reason why mercury in a glass capillary tube does not rise above the surface of the bulk liquid is due to its strong cohesion, which makes it reluctant to stick to the capillary walls and go higher. However, there are also forces adhering to the glass that pull the mercury downwards, resulting in a lower level. This explains why the mercury may be seen to rise slightly in the tube, but not completely out of it.
  • #1
Abbas0000
2
0
It's a question which come into my mind after reading related notes now and again and I can't think of plausible response to it.
Given Statements:
We have a container filled with mercury and a glass capillary tube placed in it . As tube's diameter become smaller mercury's height in tube will get shorter and shorter.The reason said to be due to strong cohesion mercury has which makes it reluctant to stick to capillary walls and go higher unlike water.
My Question:
If mercury has such strong cohesion why it's seen to rise,although small, in our glass tube?

I'll appreciate any help !
 
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  • #3
Ygggdrasil said:
Mercury in a glass capillary tube will not rise above the surface of the bulk liquid; the level of mercury in the capillary will actually be below the surface of he liquid:
https://en.eewikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary_action
Well it's right but why it's not totally getting out of tube?
 
  • #4
Abbas0000 said:
Well it's right but why it's not totally getting out of tube?
The resultant of its cohesive forces and the forces adhering to the glass has a downwards component which acts against the force due to the hydrostatic pressure of the liquid. Net result is a lower level. The mercury is pulled downwards.
 

What is capillary action?

Capillary action is the process by which a liquid, such as mercury, moves up or down a narrow tube or other surface due to the forces of adhesion and cohesion.

Why does mercury exhibit capillary action?

Mercury exhibits capillary action because it has a high surface tension and adheres well to certain surfaces, causing it to rise or fall in a narrow tube or other material.

What factors affect the capillary action of mercury?

The capillary action of mercury can be affected by the diameter of the tube or surface it is on, the temperature, the surface tension of the liquid, and the material of the surface.

What are some practical applications of capillary action with mercury?

Capillary action with mercury has been used in thermometers, barometers, and other scientific instruments to measure temperature and air pressure. It has also been used in some industrial processes and in art restoration.

Are there any risks associated with handling mercury and its capillary action?

There are potential risks associated with handling mercury, as it is a toxic substance. It is important to handle it carefully and follow proper safety precautions to avoid any exposure. Additionally, the capillary action of mercury can cause it to spread quickly, so it should be used with caution in experiments and other applications.

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