Wringability or cold welding

[snorkack]

What are standard quantitative measurements of wringability?
What is the quantitative limit between wringing and cold welding?
What are the basic reasons of weakness at wringing/cold welding fault?

 

[BigJDubs]

1. Standard quantitative measurements of wringability include tensile strength, shear strength, ductility, and electrical conductivity.2. The quantitative limit between wringing and cold welding is typically determined by the temperature of the metal being joined, as well as the contact pressure applied during the process. Generally, cold welding occurs when materials are joined at temperatures below 400°C and pressures greater than two times the yield strength of the material.3. The basic reasons of weakness at wringing/cold welding fault typically include mechanical factors such as inadequate contact pressure, insufficient cleanliness of the joint surfaces, misalignment of the parts being joined, or excessive frictional heat generated during the process. Additionally, metallurgical factors such as improper alloy composition, inadequate heat treatment, or incorrect thermal processing can also contribute to weak joints.