Recent content by 2DEG

the nuclear attract electron with direction from outer to inner, and also, the outer-shield electron repels inner electron with the same direction. As a result, the inner electron will goes outer when outer electron removes, thus the binding energy seems to decrease. I don't know where I'm wrong.

I'm talking about the chemical shift. In XPS test, oxidation leads to the increase of binding energy. This is determined by: 1. attraction between nuclear and the electron 2. shielding effect from outer-shell electrons My question is : What does shielding effect mean? Shield what? The positive...