Recent content by darkdark10

  1. D

    Graduate The Planck scale, black hole interiors, observable universe and GR

    You casually dismiss years of someone else's insight simply by labeling it AI-generated. I'm holding back because this is a strictly moderated forum. 1. Because a lot of people made a ridiculous fuss about applying R_S (a physical quantity commonly associated with black holes) to the observable...
  2. D

    Graduate The Planck scale, black hole interiors, observable universe and GR

    1.Modern gravitational physics has fundamental problems, including 1)the Planck-scale divergence problem, 2)the black hole singularity problem, 3)the inflation problem, and 4)the dark energy problem. The continuous appearance of these anomalous phenomena suggests that an important element is...
  3. D

    Undergrad If we define the electron as an antiparticle, will there be a problem?

    Now we have a particle-antiparticle asymmetry problem. But, if we define electron and neutrino as antiparticle, will there be a problem? Original formula Modified formula Original formula Modified formula If the classification of electron and neutrino is changed to antiparticles, the...
  4. D

    Graduate Mass density of radiation in Friedmann equation?

    Your argument( ) leads to: \rho + \frac{{3P}}{{{c^2}}} = {\rho _{rad}} + \frac{{3(\frac{1}{3}{\rho _{rad}}{c^2})}}{{{c^2}}} = 2{\rho _{rad}} Your argument leads to the claim that when matter and radiation have the same energy density ρ0, the radiation exerts twice the gravitational force than...
  5. D

    Graduate Mass density of radiation in Friedmann equation?

    We know that mass density = energy density/c^2. The question is, when entering the expression (ρ+3P/c^2), which form is correct? When looking at the radiation term, \rho + \frac{{3P}}{{{c^2}}} = {\rho _{rad}} + \frac{{3(\frac{1}{3}{\rho _{rad}}{c^2})}}{{{c^2}}} = 2{\rho _{rad}} or \rho +...
  6. D

    Graduate Mass density of radiation in Friedmann equation?

    \frac{1}{R}\frac{{{d^2}R}}{{d{t^2}}} = - \frac{{4\pi G}}{3}\left[ {{\rho _m} + {\rho _{rad}} + {\rho _\Lambda } + \frac{{3({P_m} + {P_{rad}} + {P_\Lambda })}}{{{c^2}}}} \right] In the Friedmann equation, ρ is the mass density. === https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedmann_equations They were...
  7. D

    Undergrad Questions about Negative Pressure and Vacuum Energy

    In the book(An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics - Bradley W. Carroll and Dale A.Ostile) Pressure P = equivalent energy density of kinetic energy P/c^2 = equivalent mass density of kinetic energy Isn't the pressure P in the acceleration equation the equivalent energy density of kinetic energy?
  8. D

    Undergrad Questions about Negative Pressure and Vacuum Energy

    Currently, dark energy is described as a being that exerts a negative pressure while having a positive energy density. {\rho _\Lambda } + 3{P_\Lambda } = {\rho _\Lambda } + 3( - {\rho _\Lambda }) = - 2{\rho _\Lambda } However, there seems to be a problem with the negative pressure assertion...