Recent content by timewalker

Q : Does integration commute with vector product? I saw a similar problem in electromagnetism. Consider that we want to derive the expression of magnetic dipole moment of a certain circuit which carrying uniform current. First, fix a reference point(actually this is not necessary because we...

During the D.J. Griffiths, Introduction to Elementary Particles, the author introduces unpublished references "Classical Chromodynamics" and "Bare Bones of the Classical Theory of Gauge Fields", Reed College, Portland, O.R. which is written by Wheeler, N. A. (1981). Where can I find this...

I thank you so much :D All of these are very helpful explanations to me. Again, thank you so much! Now I noticed what I should do now and what is beyond this study for my further work. Thank you so much again. :D

Then what about the 'photon' we've mentioned? So you mean that here we are just talking about 'gauge bosons' that intermediating certain interactions? What you mean is, thus, this story can not be applied to another particles i.e. fermions of SM like quarks and electron, muon, neutrino, etc.?

I appreciate for your reply also Bill_K I think I should think about that too.

At first I thank you so much for your kindness. Everyone who I asked didn't understood my situation. TT But I think all that is because of my little effort. Anyway, now, I understand what you mean. In my point of view, you mentioned U(1) group structure. Actually, I took a course of abstract...

What is the meaning of the local gauge transformation exactly?? These days I'm studying. [D.J. Griffiths, Introduction to Elementary Particles 2nd Edition, Chapter 10. Gauge Theories] Here the Section 3. Local Gauge Invariance, the author gives the Dirac Lagrangian, \mathcal{L}=i \hbar c...

Thank you so much! After I see your reply, I thought a little bit and I got right answer! :) Let me finish this post. :D Now we have the Proca Lagrangian given \mathcal{L}=-\frac{1}{16 \pi} (\partial^{\mu} A^{\nu} - \partial^{\nu} A^{\mu} )(\partial^{\mu} A^{\nu} - \partial^{\nu} A^{\mu}...

How to show the Proca equation by using the given Proca Lagrangian? Surely, I know the Euler-Lagrange equation, but I can't solve this differentiation!(TT) The given Proca lagrangian is, \mathcal{L}=...

It usually means that the given transformation is a continuous one so that the object before the transformation and the object after the transformation are 'topologically' equivalent. If you familiar with the concept of topological equivalent, it may be helpful.

At first, problem is determining which sentence is prior to the other. Path-independent line integral vector field => Conservative field? Or Conservertive field => path-independent? I think first one is more better explanation for our intuition. But if we are going to make the definition...

You mean momentum-time graph and velocity-time graph?

I found this thesis from arXiv. arXiv:hep-ph/0512033 Detection of elastic photon-photon scattering through four-wave coupling

The orthogonality of associated Legendre functions can be proved by using the relationship between Legendre polynomials and associated Legendre functions. They are related by following expression. P_{l}^{m} (x) = (1-x^2 ) ^{\frac{m}{2}} \frac{d^m}{dx^m} P_l (x) Note that the Rodrigues'...