I'm trying to intuit how pull-up and pull-down resistors work

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Pull-up and pull-down resistors are essential in digital circuits to stabilize input voltages when switches are open, preventing undefined states. When a switch is closed, the resistor ensures that the voltage reflects a clear logic state opposite to that when the switch is open. The choice of resistor value is crucial; it must be low enough to avoid interfering with the circuit's operation but high enough to maintain stability. Directly connecting a microcontroller input to VCC or GND is safe due to high impedance, but resistors prevent potential short circuits. Understanding these concepts is vital for effective digital logic design and operation.
  • #31
Khan academy has some really good tutorials about basic circuit analysis. You may find studying that more productive than this approach.
 
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  • #32
Averagesupernova said:
It's interesting you go 'there'. Nowhere have I said or implied you are faking not understanding this material. It is my opinion that you don't understand circuit analysis (kirchoff, ohms law, etc). I don't know whether you realize you don't understand it and are not willing to admit this or you just don't want to admit it to us because you believe it's not necessary or are simply ashamed to admit you don't understand it.
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You post the text that describes kirchoff and ohms law. That's nice. You may be able to do that and recite those definitions. Could be helpful on Jeopardy. But it's obvious you don't know how to apply that information to real circuits. I've tried to get some of the basics across. Don't expect to get a passing grade or a break because you show up for class brain-dead tired or whatever.
DaveE said:
Khan academy has some really good tutorials about basic circuit analysis. You may find studying that more productive than this approach.
Let's restart. I did a lot of problems for those (Kirchoff's Laws, and Ohm's Laws too, but that's kind of trivial) and my answers matched the answer keys. (For what it's worth, my studying wasn't using Khan Academy, but still.) If I noticed I didn't understand something, I would just say it.

I think my struggle is with making the Wikipedia line circuits (and also the other image(s)) be loops on which I can use those theories, as opposed to lines like what Wikipedia (and other sources) show(s). I don't know if that makes sense. All the problems I've done were loop-y, not line-y. In other words, this doesn't look like the circuits in textbook problems to me.

I think it's just the beginning, of setting up the problem, that I don't get here, when it comes to applying Kirchoff's Laws. Plus, I'm not entirely sure why that's desired. I know Kirchoff's Current Laws are used for nodal analysis to get nodal voltages (by using nodal voltages across resistors to determine currents flowing into or out of any given node and then solving the system of equations obtained). I'm guessing that's what the attempt to get me to see is, specifically since logic is voltage-controlled, but the switches being opened further complicate that for me and pretending that that's an infinite resistance can yield a wacky result?
 
  • #33
s3a said:
Let's restart. I did a lot of problems for those (Kirchoff's Laws, and Ohm's Laws too, but that's kind of trivial) and my answers matched the answer keys. (For what it's worth, my studying wasn't using Khan Academy, but still.) If I noticed I didn't understand something, I would just say it.

I think my struggle is with making the Wikipedia line circuits (and also the other image(s)) be loops on which I can use those theories, as opposed to lines like what Wikipedia (and other sources) show(s). I don't know if that makes sense. All the problems I've done were loop-y, not line-y. In other words, this doesn't look like the circuits in textbook problems to me.

I think it's just the beginning, of setting up the problem, that I don't get here, when it comes to applying Kirchoff's Laws. Plus, I'm not entirely sure why that's desired. I know Kirchoff's Current Laws are used for nodal analysis to get nodal voltages (by using nodal voltages across resistors to determine currents flowing into or out of any given node and then solving the system of equations obtained). I'm guessing that's what the attempt to get me to see is, specifically since logic is voltage-controlled, but the switches being opened further complicate that for me and pretending that that's an infinite resistance can yield a wacky result?
Your post ends with a question mark, but I'm not seeing the question.
Keep studying, you'll get it. Otherwise I'm not sure how we can help.

IDK where the infinite resistor thing came from (that's a rhetorical comment, I don't care). Switched networks are typically analyzed as two different simple networks, one with the switch open, another with the switch closed. The transient solutions during the change are way outside of the scope of your questions and understanding, let's ignore those.
 
  • #34
So what's stopping you from redrawing the circuit? Draw a battery and connect the positive to Vcc and negative to the ground(s) or Vss(s). If one style of a drawing doesn't suit you, switch it to one that does. If you truly understand this you should know redrawing doesn't really change anything. @berkeman could draw the schematics posted here and tell me to build them. I could then hand the physical wired circuit that I have built to you and tell you to draw a schematic based on how I've wired it. You could then draw it the way you understand it and it would be acceptable even though it may not look like the schematic @berkeman drew.
 

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