Lie algebras Definition and 83 Threads

The world of 2\times 2 complex matrices is very colorful. They form a Banach-algebra, they act on spinors, they contain the quaternions, SU(2), su(2), SL(2,\mathbb C), sl(2,\mathbb C). Furthermore, with the determinant as Euclidean or pseudo-Euclidean norm, isu(2) is a 3-dimensional Euclidean...

Dear @fresh_42 , Hope you are well. Please, I have a question if you do not mind, about Lie Algebra, In page 2 in the book of Lie algebra, written by Humphreys, Classical Lie algebras, ##A, B, C## and ##D##, I did not get it well, especially, symplectic and orthogonal.. Could you please...

I am working on this I am having trouble with b and c: b) Suppose ##(f_n)_{n=1}^{\infty}## is a sequence in ##Aut(G)##, such that ##(T_e(f_n))_{n=1}^{\infty} \to \psi## converges in ##Aut(\mathfrak g)## I want to show that ## f := \lim_{n\to \infty} f_n## exists as an continuous...

I am not quite sure of how this works, i.e. of what exactly I need to do with the hint. Any explanantion would be helpful!

-Verify that the space ##Vect(M)## of vector fields on a manifold ##M## is a Lie algebra with respect to the bracket. -More generally, verify that the set of derivations of any algebra ##A## is a Lie algebra with respect to the bracket defined as ##[δ_1,δ_2] = δ _1◦δ_2− δ_2◦δ_1##. In the first...

Please, I have a question about this: The Universal enveloping algebra of a finite dimensional Lie algebra is Noetherian. How we can prove it? Please..

Please, I have a question about Schur's Lemma ; Let $\phi: L \rightarrow g I((V)$ be irreducible. Then the only endomorphisms of $V$ commuting with all $\phi(x)(x \in L)$ are the scalars. Could you explain it, and please, how we can apply this lemma on lie algebra ##L=\mathfrak{s l}(2)##thanks...

in the Proof of Engel's Theorem. (3.3), p. 13: please, how we get this step: ##L / Z(L)## evidently consists of ad-nilpotent elements and has smaller dimension than ##L##. Using induction on ##\operatorname{dim} L##, we find that ##L / Z(L)## is nilpotent. Thanks in advance,

Please, How we can solve this: $$ \mathfrak{h}=\mathbb{K} H \text { is a Cartan subalgebra of } \mathfrak{s l}_2 \text {. } $$ it is abelian, but how we can prove it is self-normalizer, please:Dear @fresh_42 , if you could help, :heart: 🥹

Please, in the book of Introduction to Lie Algebras and Representation Theory J. E. Humphreys p.12, I have a question: Proposition. (3.2). Let ##L## be a Lie algebra. (c) If ##L## is nilpotent and nonzero, then ##Z(L) \neq 0##. how we prove this, Thanks in advance,

Please, in the book of Introduction to Lie Algebras and Representation Theory J. E. Humphreys p.11, I have a question: Proposition. Let ##L## be a Lie algebra. (a) If ##L## is solvable, then so are all subalgebras and homomorphic images of ##L##. (b) If ##I## is a solvable ideal of ##L## such...

Please, in the definition of quotient Lie algebra If ##I## is an ideal of ##\mathfrak{g}##, then the vector space ##\mathfrak{g} / I## with the bracket defined by: $$[x+I, y+I]=[x, y]+I, for all x, y \in \mathfrak{g}$$, is a Lie algebra called the quotient Lie algebra of ##\mathfrak{g}## by...

Please, I am looking for a simple example of derivation on ##sl_2##, if possible, I try to use identity map, but not work with me, A derivation of the Lie algebra ##\mathfrak{g}## is a linear map ##\delta: \mathfrak{g} \rightarrow \mathfrak{g}## such that ##\delta([x, y])=[\delta(x), y]+[x...

Let's say I want to study subalgebras of the indefinite orthogonal algebra ##\mathfrak{o}(m,n)## (corresponding to the group ##O(m,n)##, with ##m## and ##n## being some positive integers), and am told that it can be decomposed into the direct sum $$\mathfrak{o}(m,n) = \mathfrak{o}(m-x,n-x)...

Summary: Lie algebras, Hölder continuity, gases, permutation groups, coding theory, fractals, harmonic numbers, stochastic, number theory. 1. Let ##\mathcal{D}_N:=\left\{x^n \dfrac{d}{dx},|\,\mathbb{Z}\ni n\geq N\right\}## be a set of linear operators on smooth real functions. For which values...

I wonder if anybody has an idea for a topology on the set of Lie algebras of a given finite dimension which is not defined via the structure constants. This condition is crucial, as I want to keep as many algebraic properties as possible, e.g. solvability, center, dimension. In the best case the...

Anyone reading Lie Groups and Lie Algebras and Some of Their Applications by Robert Gilmore , might be interested in a series of YouTube videos by "XylyXylyX" that follows the book. The first lecture is:

Is it correct saying that the Exponential limit is an exact solution for passing from a Lie Algebra to a Lie group because a differential manifold with Lie group structure is such that for any point of the transformation the tangent space is by definition the Lie algebra: is that the underlying...

Hello there, Given a Lie Algebra ##\mathfrak{g}##, its Cartan Matrix ##A## and a finite representation ##R##, is there a way of determining its highest weight ##\Lambda## in a simple way? In my course, we consider ##\mathfrak{g}=A_2= \mathfrak{L}_{\mathbb{C}}(SU(3))##. It is stated that the...

Frobenius began in ##1896## to generalize Weber's group characters and soon investigated homomorphisms from finite groups into general linear groups ##GL(V)##, supported by earlier considerations from Dedekind. Representation theory was born, and it developed fast in the following decades. The...

Lie algebra theory is to a large extend the classification of the semisimple Lie algebras which are direct sums of the simple algebras listed in the previous paragraph, i.e. to show that those are all simple Lie algebras there are. Their counterpart are solvable Lie algebras, e.g. the Heisenberg...

This article is meant to provide a quick reference guide to Lie algebras: the terminology, important theorems, and a brief overview of the subject. Physicists usually call the elements of Lie algebras generators, as for them they are merely differentials of trajectories, tangent vector fields...

Suppose I have a hermitian ##N \times N## matrix ##M##. Let ##U \in SU(N)## be the matrix that diagonalizes ##M##: ##M = U\Lambda U^\dagger##, where ##\Lambda## is the matrix of eigenvalues of ##M##. This transformation can be considered as the adjoint action ##Ad## of ##SU(N)## over its...

What's the usefulness of a Lie Algebra? As I see on Wikipedia a Lie Algebra is a vector space with an operation on it called Lie Bracket.. This seems to be the formal definition. In Relativity, we have the Lie Algebra of the Lorentz group, the Lie Algebra of the Poincaré Group, which are those...

Homework Statement How can you find all inequivalent (non-isomorphic) 2D Lie algebras just by an analysis of the commutator? Homework Equations $$[X,Y] = \alpha X + \beta Y$$ The Attempt at a Solution I considered three cases: ##\alpha = \beta \neq 0, \alpha = 0## or ##\beta = 0, \alpha =...

Let U ∈ SU(N) and {ta} be the set of generators of su(N), a = 1, ..., N2 - 1. The action of the adjoint representation of U on some generator ta can be written as Ad(U)ta = Λ(U)abtb I want to characterize the matrix Λ(U), i. e., I want to see which of its elements are independent. It's known...

So, we know that if g is a Lie algebra, we can take the cartan subalgebra h ⊂ g and diagonalize the adjoint representation of h, ad(h). This generates the Cartan-Weyl basis for g. Now, let G be the Lie group with Lie algebra g. Is there a way to diagonalize the adjoint representation Ad(T) of...

I am looking for a free online-resource sketching i) the way from Lie algebras to root systems and classification via Dynkin diagrams and ii) back to the Lie Algebra via reconstruction based on the information encoded in the Dynkin diagram. I would prefer a short PDF or web page, not a huge...

The Lie Algebra is equipped with a bracket notation, and this bracket produces skew symmetric matrices. I know that there exists Lie Groups, one of which is SO(3). And I know that by exponentiating a skew symmetric matrix, I obtain a rotation matrix. ----------------- First, can someone edit...

Say we have an adjoint representation (specifically in n x n matrix format) of a Lie algebra. I have noted that we can create another n x n representation using a similarity transformation on the adjoint rep. I know I haven't discovered anything new but none of my sources mention this. Is...

I now know of two 3D Lie algebras: A_1 with brackets \left [ T^0, ~T^{\pm} \right ] = \pm 2 T^{\pm} , \left [ T^+, ~ T^- \right ] = T^0 and one with brackets: \left [ T^0, ~T^{\pm} \right ] = T^{\mp} and \left [ T^+,~ T^- \right ] = T^0 How can I tell if these two are representations...

I'm in chapter 2 of my Lie algebra text. I have an interest in E_8 but I'm only going to work my way up to E_6 as it has fewer operators. Anyway for now I only have a quick question: Is E_6 defined by its Dynkin diagram or is E_6 defined by something else and the Dynkin diagram follows from...

Homework Statement Show that the members of the Lie algebra of SO(n) are anti-symmetric nxn matrices. To start, assume that the nxn orthogonal matrix R which is an element of SO(n) depends on a single parameter t. Then differentiate the expression: R.RT= I with respect to the parameter t...

I've been having fun with my new Lie Algebra text and it occurred to me that working out a couple of basic examples of my own would be a good idea. I got rather large surprise. The example I'm working with is SU(2) and I'm going through some basic properties it has. For all its uses in...

Loosely speaking a derivation D is defined as a function on an algebra A that has the property D(ab) = (Da)b + a(Db). Now, if we define the map ad_x: y \mapsto [x,y] and apply this to the Jacobi identity we get ad_x[y,z] = [ ad_x(y),z ] + [ y, ad_x(z) ] . This does not look quite like the...

I've worked that out in my Mathematica notebook "Lie-Algebra Matrices.nb" in directory "Extra Mma notebooks" in SemisimpleLieAlgebras.zip, but I must concede that some of my derivations seem rather inelegant, not using features of the algebras very well. The last comment in How should I show...

Why is it that several lie groups can have the same Lie algebra? could it have to do with the space where they act transitively? Could two different Lie groups acting transitively on the same space have the same Lie algebra?

Is there any finite dimensional Lie algebra that is not isomorphic to any of the subalgebras contained in GL(n) ?

Hi, I'm a student of Nuclear Engineering (MS level) at University of Dhaka, Bangladesh. I completed my Honours and Master Degree with Mathematics. I have chosen to complete a thesis paper on "Application of Lie groups & Lie Algebras in Nuclear & Particle Physics." I need some guideline...

Author: Brian Hall Title: Lie Groups, Lie Algebras, and Representations: An Elementary Introduction Amazon link https://www.amazon.com/dp/1441923136/?tag=pfamazon01-20 Level: Grad Table of Contents: General Theory Matrix Lie Groups Definition of a Matrix Lie Group Counterexamples...

I've got a general question about Lie algebras, which is basically this: Q: What is there to be said about the Lie algebras that can be identified in the universal enveloping algebra of a particular Lie algebra? E.g. if I have a Lie algebra of the form [A,B] = ηB, then I would like to...

Hi! I just need a "yes" or "no" answer. If i have to show that two lie algebras are isomorphic, is it sufficient to show that their generators fulfill the same commutation relations?

Hello! I thought I had a good picture of this stuff but now I suspect that I've mixed up things completely.. For su(2) we have: f_{ab}\,^c = \epsilon_{ab}\,^c. Which means that, for the basis of our tangentspace we get: [\partial_a, \partial_b] = i \epsilon_{ab}\,^c\, \partial_c Where...

I'm interested in the crossover of Lie groups/differential geometry and I'm a bit confused about the relation of Lie algebras with symmetric spaces. Take for instance the Lie group G=SL(2,R), we take the quotient by K=SO(2) as isotropic group(maximal compact subgroup) and get the symmetric...

the commutator in the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff formula must be proportional to some linear combination of the generators of the group (because of closure) The constants of proportionality are called the Structure Constants of the group, and if they are completely known, the commutation relations...

Hi. 1. Can anyone definitively tell me what the dimension formula for the classical Lie algebras? For example, I know for SO(2n) or D_n, the dimension formula is SO(N)--> (N*(N-1))/2 E.g. SO(8) is 8*7/2 = 28. Ok, so what about SU(N+1) i.e. A_n, SO(2n+1) i.e. B_N and Sp(n) i.e...

Hi! I have the following problem: I tried to solve this by using the adjoint represantation and although it looks very promising, I can't really get it to work. If I define C_x(y) := xyx^{-1} as the conjugation, then what needs to be shown is: C_{h_1}h_2 = h_2. I'm using these symbols...

Hello! I've read some lie algebra in both group theory books and differential geometry books, and is confused about the different perspectives. The group theory approach is usually that the author introduce the generators and show that these fulfil the algebra. In differential geometry our...

Hello! I am trying to understand this subject but its not simple.. I will ask some question but if anybody wants to write a short introduction which explains my confusions in a continiuous text, that would be awesome as well. :) I think I got a good view of what our weigts are.. just...

Can some one please explain to me equation 2.35 on page 49 in the textbook "Lie algebra in particle physics " How can he extract the 2 Transformation matrices outside the trace operator ?I think there is something wrong Sorry I do not know how to use latex