Proca Definition and 12 Threads

The euler lagrange equation I am using is: $$\frac {\partial^\beta \partial L}{\partial(\partial^\beta A^\alpha) }= \frac {\partial L} {\partial A^\alpha}$$ Now the proca lagrangian i am using is $$L= -\frac {1}{16\pi} F_{\alpha\beta} F^{\alpha\beta} + \frac {\mu^2} {8\pi} A_\alpha A^\alpha -...

Hello, I'm trying to figure out where the term (3) came from. This is from a textbook which doesn't explain how they do it. ∂_μ(∂L/(∂(∂_μA_ν)) = ∂L/∂A_ν (1) L = -(1/16*pi) * ( ∂^(μ)A^(ν) - ∂^(ν)A^(μ))(∂_(μ)A_(ν) - ∂_(ν)A_(μ)) + 1/(8*pi) * (mc/hbar)^2* A^ν A_ν (2) Here is Eq (1) the...

Hello everybody. The Lagrangian for a massive vector field is: $$\mathcal{L} = -\frac{1}{4}F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu} + \frac{m^2}{2}A_\mu A^\mu$$ The equation of motion is ##\partial_\mu F^{\mu\nu}+m^2A^\nu = 0## Expanding the EOM with the definition of ##F^{\mu\nu}## the Klein-Gordon equation for...

Homework Statement I want to show that the propagator of Proca Lagrangian: \mathcal{L}=-\frac{1}{4}F_{\mu \nu}F^{\mu \nu}+\frac{1}{2}M^2A_\mu A^\mu Is given by: \widetilde{D}_{\mu \nu}(k)=\frac{i}{k^2-M^2+i\epsilon}[-g_{\mu\nu}+\frac{k_\mu k_\nu}{M^2}]Homework Equations Remember that...

Hello guys, In 90% of the papers I've read about diferent ways to achieve generalizations of the Proca action I've found there's a common condition that has to be satisfied, i.e: The number of degrees of freedom allowed to be propagated by the theory has to be three at most (two if the fields...

Do I substitute A_\mu + \partial_\mu \lambda everywhere A_\mu appears, then expand out? Do I substitute a contravariant form of the substitution for A^\mu as well? (If so, do I use a metric to convert it first?) I’m new to Ricci calculus; an explanation as to the meaning of raised and lowered...

Could someone explain how can one go from $$ \int dx\ \frac{-1}{4}F^{\mu \nu}F_{\mu \nu}$$ where $$F_{\mu \nu} = \partial_{\mu} \phi_{\nu}-\partial_{\nu} \phi_{\mu}$$ to $$\int dx\ \frac{-1}{2}(\partial_{\mu} \phi^{\nu})^2 + \frac{1}{2}(\partial_{\mu} \phi^{\mu})^2 $$ I assume it has...

Homework Statement [/B] So, I need to show Lorentz covariance of a Proca field E-L equation, conceptually I have no problems with this, I just have to make one final step that I cannot really justify. Homework Equations "Proca" (quotation marks because of the minus next to the mass part, I...

I'm reading Griffith's Elementary particles and I'm stuck on the math for one of the examples, could anyone show me what I'm missing or point me in the right direction? I attached a pdf (of the word doc I was using) that shows what I did so far since I'm really bad with LaTeX and it would've...

How to show the Proca equation by using the given Proca Lagrangian? Surely, I know the Euler-Lagrange equation, but I can't solve this differentiation!(TT) The given Proca lagrangian is, \mathcal{L}=...

Homework Statement Consider the Proca Lagrangian L=-\frac{1}{16\pi}F^2-\frac{1}{c}J_{\mu}A^{\mu}+\frac{M^2}{8\pi}A_{\mu}A^{\mu} in the Lorentz gauge \partial_{\mu}A^{\mu}=0 Find the equation of motion. Homework Equations F^2=F_{\mu\nu}F^{\mu\nu} The Attempt at a...

Hi all, I'm stuck with this following problem: Homework Statement Consider the Proca action, S[A_\mu] = \int \, \mathrm d^4x \left[ - \frac14 F_{\mu\nu} F^{\mu\nu} + \frac12 m^2 A_\mu A^\mu \right] where F_{\mu\nu} = 2 \partial_{[\mu} A_{\nu]} is the anti-symmetric electromagnetic...